1. Next-generation technologies for public libraries Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technologies and Research Vanderbilt University http://staffweb.library.vanderbilt.edu/breeding http://www.librarytechnology.org/ Friday October 3, 2008 Syracuse, NY

2. Summary This keynote session will help conference attendees think beyond the present & consider the kinds of features that libraries should expect in the next generation of automation systems. Breeding will discuss some of the broad trends that public libraries need to take into consideration as they build their technology infrastructure and their Web presence. He will include libraries' need to continually challenge their automation vendor partners to develop technologies that will help them fulfill their strategic mission in a rapidly evolving world. This keynote session will help conference attendees think beyond the present & consider the kinds of features that libraries should expect in the next generation of automation systems. Breeding will discuss some of the broad trends that public libraries need to take into consideration as they build their technology infrastructure and their Web presence. He will include libraries' need to continually challenge their automation vendor partners to develop technologies that will help them fulfill their strategic mission in a rapidly evolving world.

3. Proposed topic In this keynote session, Marshall Breeding aims to help conference attendees think beyond the present and consider the kinds of features that libraries should expect in the next generation of automation systems. In this keynote session, Marshall Breeding aims to help conference attendees think beyond the present and consider the kinds of features that libraries should expect in the next generation of automation systems. Delivering relevant services to library patrons has never been more challenging than in today’s times. Libraries compete for the attention of their ever more Web-savvy users in an ever more crowded landscape of information providers. Generational transitions have an impact on libraries: what types of services can a library offer to appeal to the members of millennial generation that don’t conflict with the needs of older library patrons? We’re seeing a new generation of library interfaces emerge that aims to deliver library content and services on the Web through a more modern approach that can be used effectively by both Web experts and novices. Delivering relevant services to library patrons has never been more challenging than in today’s times. Libraries compete for the attention of their ever more Web-savvy users in an ever more crowded landscape of information providers. Generational transitions have an impact on libraries: what types of services can a library offer to appeal to the members of millennial generation that don’t conflict with the needs of older library patrons? We’re seeing a new generation of library interfaces emerge that aims to deliver library content and services on the Web through a more modern approach that can be used effectively by both Web experts and novices. Breeding will discuss some of the broad trends that public libraries need to take into consideration as they build their technology infrastructure and their Web presence. We live in a phase of library automation characterized by demand for a more modern approach, especially on the user interface. The new generation of library automation makes several important departures from what came before. Web 2.0 continues to receive a lot of attention and has become an important ingredient in the new library interfaces, but should be considered in the context of other strategic technologies. Breeding will discuss some of the broad trends that public libraries need to take into consideration as they build their technology infrastructure and their Web presence. We live in a phase of library automation characterized by demand for a more modern approach, especially on the user interface. The new generation of library automation makes several important departures from what came before. Web 2.0 continues to receive a lot of attention and has become an important ingredient in the new library interfaces, but should be considered in the context of other strategic technologies. Libraries need to continually challenge their automation vendor partners to develop technologies that will help them fulfill their strategic mission in a rapidly evolving world. Libraries need to continually challenge their automation vendor partners to develop technologies that will help them fulfill their strategic mission in a rapidly evolving world.

4. Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org http://www.librarytechnology.org Repository for library automation data Repository for library automation data Lib-web-cats tracks 37,000 libraries and the automation systems used. Lib-web-cats tracks 37,000 libraries and the automation systems used. –Expanding to include more international scope Announcements and developments made by companies and organizations involved in library automation technologies Announcements and developments made by companies and organizations involved in library automation technologies

5. Recent Upheavals Industry Consolidation continues Industry Consolidation continues Abrupt transitions for major library automation products Abrupt transitions for major library automation products Increased industry control by external financial investors Increased industry control by external financial investors Demise of the traditional OPAC Demise of the traditional OPAC Frustration with ILS products and vendors Frustration with ILS products and vendors Open Source alternatives hit the mainstream Open Source alternatives hit the mainstream Breeding, Marshall: Perceptions 2007 an international survey of library automation. http://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2007.plhttp://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2007.pl January 2008.

6. LJ Automation System Marketplace Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

7. ILS Industry in Transition Consolidation through mergers and acquisitions have resulted in a fewer number of players; larger companies Consolidation through mergers and acquisitions have resulted in a fewer number of players; larger companies Uncomfortable level of product narrowing Uncomfortable level of product narrowing Increased ownership by external interests Increased ownership by external interests Yet: Some companies and products continue on solid ground Yet: Some companies and products continue on solid ground Breeding, Marshall “Automation system marketplace 2008: Opportunity Out of Turmoil” Library Journal. April 1, 2008.

8. Library Automation M&A History

9. Polaris in Context Focused on Public Libraries in the United States and Canada Focused on Public Libraries in the United States and Canada Has survived multiple generations of legacy system turnovers Has survived multiple generations of legacy system turnovers –Model C Book Charger (1930) –Gaylord System 100 Circulation (1975) –GS 3000 Catalog Management System (1984) –Gaylord System 400 Circulation (1988) –Spectrum 400 –SuperCAT (1988) –Galaxy (1988) –Polaris (1997)

10. Product and Technology Trends High demand for Innovation High demand for Innovation Conventional approach to the ILS under siege Conventional approach to the ILS under siege Proliferation of products related to e- content management Proliferation of products related to e- content management New genre of discovery-layer interfaces New genre of discovery-layer interfaces

11. Public Library Emphasis Much more emphasis on physical collections than academic libraries Much more emphasis on physical collections than academic libraries In-person service valued: high touch vs high tech In-person service valued: high touch vs high tech Diversity of users: full range of tech proficiencies as well as other demographics Diversity of users: full range of tech proficiencies as well as other demographics –Technical offerings must be accessible by all Need to share materials efficiently among branches Need to share materials efficiently among branches High emphasis on resource sharing (consortial and regional borrowing) High emphasis on resource sharing (consortial and regional borrowing)

12. Resource Sharing Very high demand to supplement local collections through multiple layers of resource sharing Very high demand to supplement local collections through multiple layers of resource sharing City / County Collaborations (some) City / County Collaborations (some) Regional Regional State-wide State-wide Exploring new models: shared ILS, distributed systems, union catalogs, virtual catalogs. Exploring new models: shared ILS, distributed systems, union catalogs, virtual catalogs.

13. Combine and Consolidate? What is the ideal configuration to use an ILS? What is the ideal configuration to use an ILS? –Single Library (including branches) –Shared regional system –Statewide ILS? Trend toward increased numbers of facilities sharing an ILS Trend toward increased numbers of facilities sharing an ILS –Several examples of multiple consortia combining to share one ILS implementation –Many initiatives toward statewide ILS implementations –Internationally: some country-wide ILS implementations (e.g. COBISS in Slovenia) The days of the one-library ILS are fading The days of the one-library ILS are fading

14. Scalability? The viable size of an implementation not as much an issue as in earlier phases of computing The viable size of an implementation not as much an issue as in earlier phases of computing Hardware scales almost infinitely Hardware scales almost infinitely Major ILS products scale almost infinitely Major ILS products scale almost infinitely

15. Opportunities for the underserved Many libraries in the United States operate with no automation system or use PC-based systems with no Web access or resource sharing options Many libraries in the United States operate with no automation system or use PC-based systems with no Web access or resource sharing options Many libraries run outdated systems Many libraries run outdated systems Current models put automation out of the reach of public libraries with small local tax base Current models put automation out of the reach of public libraries with small local tax base Large-scale automation efforts can offer affordable (or free) access to these libraries Large-scale automation efforts can offer affordable (or free) access to these libraries Compare: Number of un-automated public libraries in the UK: 1 Compare: Number of un-automated public libraries in the UK: 1

16. Web 2.0 / Collaborative Computing Currently implemented ad hoc Currently implemented ad hoc Many libraries putting up blogs, wikis, and fostering engagement in social networking sites Many libraries putting up blogs, wikis, and fostering engagement in social networking sites Proliferation of silos with no integration or interoperability with larger library Web presence Proliferation of silos with no integration or interoperability with larger library Web presence Next Gen: Build social and collaborative features into core automation components Next Gen: Build social and collaborative features into core automation components

17. Results of industry turmoil Disruptions and business decisions to narrow options have caused major shifts in the library automation industry Disruptions and business decisions to narrow options have caused major shifts in the library automation industry fueled the open source movement and created a huge market for companies supporting open source ILS fueled the open source movement and created a huge market for companies supporting open source ILS Influx of business towards companies with reliable track record Influx of business towards companies with reliable track record Traditionally licensed and open source ILS alternatives will coexist in the ILS arena Traditionally licensed and open source ILS alternatives will coexist in the ILS arena

18. Open Source ILS enters the mainstream Earlier era of pioneering efforts to ILS shifting into one where open source alternatives fall in the mainstream Earlier era of pioneering efforts to ILS shifting into one where open source alternatives fall in the mainstream Off-the-shelf, commercially supported product available Off-the-shelf, commercially supported product available Still a minority player, but gaining ground Still a minority player, but gaining ground –Next LJ Automation System Marketplace article will update the score Are they next-generation systems or open source version of legacy models? Are they next-generation systems or open source version of legacy models?

19. Impact of Open Source ILS Library automation industry cannot be complacent Library automation industry cannot be complacent Some libraries moving from traditionally licensed products to open source products with commercial support plans Some libraries moving from traditionally licensed products to open source products with commercial support plans Disruption of ILS industry Disruption of ILS industry –new pressures on incumbent vendors to deliver more innovation and to satisfy concerns for openness New competition / More options New competition / More options

20. More Open Systems Pressure for traditionally licensed products to become more open Pressure for traditionally licensed products to become more open APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let libraries access and manipulate their data outside of delivered software APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) let libraries access and manipulate their data outside of delivered software A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give libraries more flexibility and control in accessing data and services and in extending functionality than having access to the source code. A comprehensive set of APIs potentially give libraries more flexibility and control in accessing data and services and in extending functionality than having access to the source code. Customer access to APIs does not involve as much risk to breaking core system functions, avoids issues of version management and code forking associated with open source models. Customer access to APIs does not involve as much risk to breaking core system functions, avoids issues of version management and code forking associated with open source models.

21. Opportunity out of the Upheavals More options More options –Commercial + Open Source More vendors More vendors –New open source support companies provide new competition More library involvement More library involvement –Libraries re-energized to make significant contributions to the body of library automation software Traditionally licensed and open source automation systems will co-exist. We have an interest in the success of both alternatives. Traditionally licensed and open source automation systems will co-exist. We have an interest in the success of both alternatives.

22. Next-Generation Library Interfaces or... Delivering tomorrow what we needed yesterday

23. Troubling statistic Where do you typically begin your search for information on a particular topic? College Students Response: 89%Search engines (Google 62%) 89%Search engines (Google 62%) 2%Library Web Site (total respondents -> 1%) 2%Library Web Site (total respondents -> 1%) 2%Online Database 2%Online Database 1% E-mail 1% E-mail 1% Online News 1% Online News 1% Online bookstores 1% Online bookstores 0% Instant Messaging / Online Chat 0% Instant Messaging / Online Chat OCLC. Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005) p. 1-17.

24. Usage + / - from 2005 to 2007 “The unfortunate exception is the use of library Web sites; usage has dropped from 2005 to 2007.” Source: Sharing, Privacy and Trust in our Networked World. OCLC 2007 +19% +14% +5% +30% -10%

25. Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the Web Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons –Google Scholar –Amazon.com –Wikipedia –Ask.com Do Library Web sites and catalogs meet the information needs of our users? Do Library Web sites and catalogs meet the information needs of our users? Do they attract their interest? Do they attract their interest?

26. The Competition

27. The best Library OPAC?

28. Better?

29. Better?

30. Better?

31. Demand for compelling library interfaces Urgent need for libraries to offer interfaces their users will like to use Urgent need for libraries to offer interfaces their users will like to use Move into the current millennium Move into the current millennium Powerful search capabilities in tune with how the Web works today Powerful search capabilities in tune with how the Web works today Meet user expectations set by other Web destination Meet user expectations set by other Web destination

32. Inadequacy of ILS OPACs Most Online Catalog modules provided with an ILS subject to broad criticism as failing to meet expectations of growing segments of library patrons. Most Online Catalog modules provided with an ILS subject to broad criticism as failing to meet expectations of growing segments of library patrons. Not great at delivering electronic content Not great at delivering electronic content Complex text-based interfaces Complex text-based interfaces Relatively weak keyword search engines Relatively weak keyword search engines Lack of good relevancy sorting Lack of good relevancy sorting Narrow scope of content Narrow scope of content

33. Interesting Note Vary large numbers of libraries running Unicorn, Horizon, Millennium, Aleph, Voyager have elected to replace or supplement the integrated OPAC with another product. Vary large numbers of libraries running Unicorn, Horizon, Millennium, Aleph, Voyager have elected to replace or supplement the integrated OPAC with another product. Very few libraries using Polaris have elected to supplement its Online Catalog module with a third- party application Very few libraries using Polaris have elected to supplement its Online Catalog module with a third- party application –Longview Public Library –Ouachita Parish Public Library Phoenix Public – Already had Endeca-based catalog in place when they selected Polaris to replace Carl Phoenix Public – Already had Endeca-based catalog in place when they selected Polaris to replace Carl

34. Disjointed approach to information and service delivery Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) Articles: Aggregated content products, e- journal collections Articles: Aggregated content products, e- journal collections OpenURL linking services OpenURL linking services E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) Local digital collections Local digital collections –Photographic collections, local history, genealogy resources, etc. Metasearch engines Metasearch engines All searched separately All searched separately

35. Change underway Widespread frustration with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next-generation catalogs and interfaces. Widespread frustration with most of the current OPACs. Many efforts toward next-generation catalogs and interfaces. Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. Movement among libraries to break out of the current mold of library catalogs and offer new interfaces better suited to the expectations of library users. Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system when necessary Decoupling of the front-end interface from the back-end library automation system when necessary Eventual redesign of the ILS to be better suited for current library collections of digital and print content Eventual redesign of the ILS to be better suited for current library collections of digital and print content

36. Next-Generation Interfaces: Scope and Concepts

37. Working toward a new generation of library interfaces Redefinition of the “library catalog” Redefinition of the “library catalog” Traditional notions of the library catalog questioned Traditional notions of the library catalog questioned Better information delivery tools Better information delivery tools More powerful search capabilities More powerful search capabilities More elegant presentation More elegant presentation

38. Redefining the “catalog” More comprehensive information discovery environments More comprehensive information discovery environments It’s no longer enough to provide a catalog limited to print resources It’s no longer enough to provide a catalog limited to print resources Digital resources cannot be an afterthought Digital resources cannot be an afterthought Systems designed for e-content only are also problematic Systems designed for e-content only are also problematic Forcing users to use different interfaces depending on type of content becoming less tenable Forcing users to use different interfaces depending on type of content becoming less tenable Libraries working toward consolidated user environments that give equal footing to digital and print resources Libraries working toward consolidated user environments that give equal footing to digital and print resources

39. Comprehensive Search Service Current distributed query model of federated search model not adequate Current distributed query model of federated search model not adequate Expanded scope of search through harvested content Expanded scope of search through harvested content –Consolidated search services based on metadata and data gathered in advance (like Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting or OAI-PMH) Problems of scale diminished Problems of scale diminished Problems of cooperation persist Problems of cooperation persist Federated search currently operates as a plug-in component of next-gen interfaces. Federated search currently operates as a plug-in component of next-gen interfaces.

40. Web 2.0 Flavorings Strategic infrastructure + Web 2.0 Strategic infrastructure + Web 2.0 A more social and collaborative approach A more social and collaborative approach Web Tools and technology that foster collaboration Web Tools and technology that foster collaboration Integrated blogs, wiki, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user reviews Integrated blogs, wiki, tagging, social bookmarking, user rating, user reviews Avoid Web 2.0 information silos Avoid Web 2.0 information silos

41. The Ideal Scope for Next Gen Library Interfaces Unified user experience Unified user experience A single point of entry into all the content and services offered by the library A single point of entry into all the content and services offered by the library Print + Electronic Print + Electronic Local + Remote Local + Remote Locally created Content Locally created Content Integrated resource sharing: local > consortium > global (OCLC?) Integrated resource sharing: local > consortium > global (OCLC?) User contributed content? User contributed content?

42. Interface Features / User Experience Simple point of entry Simple point of entry –Optional advanced search Relevancy ranked results Relevancy ranked results Facets for narrowing and navigation Facets for narrowing and navigation Query enhancement – spell check, etc Query enhancement – spell check, etc Suggested related results Suggested related results Navigational bread crumbs Navigational bread crumbs Enriched visual and textual content Enriched visual and textual content Single Sign-on Single Sign-on

43. Relevancy Ranking Web users expect relevancy ordered results Web users expect relevancy ordered results The “good stuff” should be listed first The “good stuff” should be listed first Users tend not to delve deep into a result list Users tend not to delve deep into a result list Good relevancy requires a sophisticated approach, including objective matching criteria supplemented by popularity and relatedness factors. Good relevancy requires a sophisticated approach, including objective matching criteria supplemented by popularity and relatedness factors.

44. New Paradigm for search and navigation Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field Let users drill down through the result set incrementally narrowing the field Faceted Browsing Faceted Browsing –Drill-down vs up-front Boolean or “Advanced Search” –gives the users clues about the number of hits in each sub topic –Ability to explore collections without a priori knowledge Visual search tools Visual search tools

45. Query / Result Enhancement “Did you mean?” and other features to avoid “No results found” “Did you mean?” and other features to avoid “No results found” Validated Spell check Validated Spell check Automatic inclusion of authorized and related terms Automatic inclusion of authorized and related terms More like this – recommendation service More like this – recommendation service Make the query and the response to it better than the query provided Make the query and the response to it better than the query provided

46. Enriched content Rich visual information: book jacket images, rating scores, etc. Rich visual information: book jacket images, rating scores, etc. Syndetic Solutions ICE ($$$$) Syndetic Solutions ICE ($$$$) Amazon Web Service (AWS) Amazon Web Service (AWS) –Recent changes in term of use seem to preclude use by libraries Google Book Search API Google Book Search API –Released March 13, 2008 –Liberal terms of use No open content approach (yet) No open content approach (yet)

47. Personalization / Single Sign-on Customized content and service options based on personal preference and profile of user Customized content and service options based on personal preference and profile of user Persistent sign-on – horizontal and vertical Persistent sign-on – horizontal and vertical –Seamless navigation in and out of appropriate sub-systems ILL / ILS patron requests, federated search, proxy services ILL / ILS patron requests, federated search, proxy services –Credentials follow as user navigates among Web site components –ILS / Interlibrary Loan / proxy services / shopping cart / etc –Carry sign-on into and out of institutional resources Ability to select and save content; initiate requests; customize preferences, etc. Ability to select and save content; initiate requests; customize preferences, etc.

48. Deep search Entering post-metadata search era Entering post-metadata search era Increasing opportunities to search the full contents Increasing opportunities to search the full contents –Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, Microsoft Live Book Search, etc. –High-quality metadata will improve search precision Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” No comprehensive full text search for books quite yet No comprehensive full text search for books quite yet Not currently available through library search environments Not currently available through library search environments Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata See: Systems Librarian, May 2008 “Beyond the current generation of next-generation interfaces: deeper search”

49. Amazon: Search inside the book

50. Beyond Discovery Fulfillment oriented Fulfillment oriented Search -> select -> view Search -> select -> view Delivery/Fulfillment much harder than discovery Delivery/Fulfillment much harder than discovery Back-end complexity should be as seamless as possible to the user Back-end complexity should be as seamless as possible to the user Offer services for digital and print content Offer services for digital and print content

51. Library-specific Features Appropriate relevance factors Appropriate relevance factors –Objective keyword ranking + Library weightings –Circulation frequency, OCLC holdings, scholarly content Results grouping (FRBR) Results grouping (FRBR) Collection focused (vs sales-driven) Collection focused (vs sales-driven)

52. Enterprise Integration Ability to deliver content and services through non-library applications Ability to deliver content and services through non-library applications Campus portal solutions Campus portal solutions Courseware Courseware Social networking environments (eg. Facebook) Social networking environments (eg. Facebook) Search portals / Feed aggregators Search portals / Feed aggregators

53. Interoperability Decoupled interface implies data synchronization Decoupled interface implies data synchronization Mass export of catalog data Mass export of catalog data Hooks back into the ILS for holdings and patron services Hooks back into the ILS for holdings and patron services –Real-time availability

54. Architecture and Standards Need to have an standard approach for connecting new generation interfaces with ILS and other repositories Need to have an standard approach for connecting new generation interfaces with ILS and other repositories Proprietary and ad hoc methods currently prevail Proprietary and ad hoc methods currently prevail Digital Library Federation Digital Library Federation –ILS-Discovery Interface Group

55. Syndicated Discovery (Shopping) Emphasis on delivering materials, regardless of provider Emphasis on delivering materials, regardless of provider Amazon: combination of direct sales and partner store fronts Amazon: combination of direct sales and partner store fronts Libraries: Provision of content from local collections Libraries: Provision of content from local collections

56. E-Commerce Model: Amazon

57. Fulfillment Emphasis on transparent access to content regardless of provider Emphasis on transparent access to content regardless of provider Amazon: patent on one-click buying Amazon: patent on one-click buying Libraries: tedious request process for reserving materials, requesting materials from another branch, placing interlibrary loan requests Libraries: tedious request process for reserving materials, requesting materials from another branch, placing interlibrary loan requests Challenge: Work more like Amazon and Lands End Challenge: Work more like Amazon and Lands End

58. eXtreme Usability Need for radically improved workflows for the library Web presence Need for radically improved workflows for the library Web presence Interfaces that guide library patrons through complex collections Interfaces that guide library patrons through complex collections Tools that make it effortless for libraries to take advantage of library services Tools that make it effortless for libraries to take advantage of library services Interfaces where users can be engaged in the content and not bogged down in the mechanics of navigation. Interfaces where users can be engaged in the content and not bogged down in the mechanics of navigation.

59. Smart and Sophisticated Time to start thinking about a new generation of ILS better suited for current library collections and missions. Time to start thinking about a new generation of ILS better suited for current library collections and missions. Much more difficult than old gen OPACS Much more difficult than old gen OPACS Not a dumbed-down approach Not a dumbed-down approach Wed library specific requirements and expectations with e-commerce technologies Wed library specific requirements and expectations with e-commerce technologies

60. New-Gen Library Interfaces Current Commercial and Open Source Products

61. Example: Phoenix Public Library Endeca Guided Navigation Endeca Guided Navigation –Search engine specializing in Web-based e-commerce Serves as front-end interface to ILS Serves as front-end interface to ILS –Now Carl, soon Polaris Powers the entire library Web site Powers the entire library Web site High cost, High effort approach High cost, High effort approach

62. AquaBrowser Library Queens Borough Public Library Queens Borough Public Library –http://aqua.queenslibrary.org/ http://aqua.queenslibrary.org/ Fronts VTLS Chameleon ILS (was Dynix classic) Fronts VTLS Chameleon ILS (was Dynix classic)

63. OCLC WorldCat Local OCLC WorldCat customized for local library catalog OCLC WorldCat customized for local library catalog –Relies on hooks into ILS for local services –Tied to library holdings set in WorldCat University of Washington Libraries University of Washington Libraries http://uwashington.worldcat.org/ University of California Melvyl Catalog University of California Melvyl Catalog

64. LibraryThing for Libraries Not a full next-gen interface Not a full next-gen interface Provides a way to add tagging to existing interfaces Provides a way to add tagging to existing interfaces Deal with social tagging critical mass problem Deal with social tagging critical mass problem

65. eXtensible Catalog University of Rochester – River Campus Libraries University of Rochester – River Campus Libraries Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation http://www.extensiblecatalog.info/ http://www.extensiblecatalog.info/ http://www.extensiblecatalog.info/

66. Challenges for Polaris Polaris Web OPAC already embodies some of the characteristics of next-generation interfaces Polaris Web OPAC already embodies some of the characteristics of next-generation interfaces Continue to expand the capabilities of the Polaris Web OPAC so that libraries do not need to invest time and money in replacement interfaces Continue to expand the capabilities of the Polaris Web OPAC so that libraries do not need to invest time and money in replacement interfaces Strong progress already: Strong progress already: –Faceted Navigation, relevancy ranking, Extend scope to non-ILS resources Extend scope to non-ILS resources

67. Questions and Discussion