1. Computer Science and Software Engineering© 2014 Project Lead The Way, Inc. Procedural Abstraction Object-Oriented Code

2. Remove details Generalize Example: Sink faucet – we know how to use it, but we often ignore details of how it works Easier to handle complexity if we don’t think of all details at once Abstraction

3. Separation of concerns Example: Sink faucet – we know how to use it, but we often ignore details of how it works Easier to handle complexity if we don’t think of all details at once Abstraction

4. Bits on Tape

5. The Earliest Objects © 1993 ACM, The Early History of Smalltalk by Alan Kay

6. Object-Oriented Code Methods Attributes

7. Programming Paradigms Imperative Programming One statement after another Procedures used to organize code Functional Programming Statements grouped in functions Functions transform data Object-oriented Programming Data associated with its own procedures

8. Object-Oriented Code Class Objects Class Data Attributes

9. Objects Are Instances of a Class Data Objects

10. Uniform Markup Language

11. Class Definitions in Python To instantiate:

12. Using attributes of a class To refer to an attribute:

13. Using methods of a class To call a method:

14. Using methods A common error: using too many arguments