1. World Distribution of Temperatures

2. Air Temperature Data: what data are recorded? Daily Mean Daily Range Monthly Mean Annual Mean Annual Range

3. Latitude Controls of Temperature

4. Sun Angles at Different Latitudes

6. Geographic Position

7. Coasts

8. Temperature control Land and Water Continental climates Land water heating –Mobility –Transparency –Evaporation –Specific heat

12. Land & Water

13. Ocean Currents

17. 45 degrees N… halfway between equator and pole

18. Inverewe Gardens.”..This colourful sub-tropical garden owned by the National Trust for Scotland is located further north than Moscow, but thanks to the North Atlantic Drift, all kinds of exotic plants grow here in 50 acres... Highly recommended.” http://www.scotland-inverness.co.uk/gardens.htm http://www.scotland-inverness.co.uk/gardens.htm

19. 57.5 degrees North (same latitude as Moscow and Hudson’s Bay… semi- tropical gardens on the coast of Scotland

21. Altitude

22. Cloud Cover

27. Note the influence of clouds… which interrupts the latitudinal patterns

31. Daily Variations in Air Temperature

32. Temperature Measurement Thermometer

33. Maximum & Minimum Thermometers

34. Thermograph

36. Temperature Scales

37. Wind-Chill Factor

38. Heat Index

39. Normal Atmospheric Conditions…

40. Temperature Inversion… warmer air slides over the cool air at the surface trapping the surface air beneath a very stable upper air mass

44. Degree Days Heating Degree Days Growing Degree Days Cooling Degree Days An index of temperature that can be used to assess climatic conditions.

45. Growing Degree Day Base temperatures (TBase) 40F - wheat, barley, rye, oats, flaxseed, lettuce, asparagus 45F - sunflower, potato 50F - sweet corn, corn, sorghum, rice, soybeans, tomato 44F - corn rootworm 48F - alfalfa weevil 50F - black cutworm, European corn borer

46. Calculating GDD first find the mean temperature for the day. (This is usually done by taking the high and low temperature for the day, adding them together and dividing by two.) If the mean temperature is above Tbase, then the growing degree day amount equals the mean temperature minus Tbase For example, if the mean temperature was 75F then the growing degree day amount equals 25, using a Tbase = 50F http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/atmos/statecli/FAQ/degree_days.htm

47. An Example of GDD requirements: Field Corn Hybrid Maturity Classification. Maturity Days GDD Early-season 85-100 2100-2400 Mid-season 101-130 2400-2800 Full-season 131-145 2900-3200 http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/NCH/NCH-40.html