1. Chapter 7: The Microscope and Cell Theory

2. Try these websites for fun!

3. Cell Theory
Then
Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork.
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the smallest “living” unit
All cells came from previously existing cells.
Now

4. 2 main types of cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Lack membrane enclosed organelles
Lack a nucleus
Only Unicellular
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Have membrane bound organelles
Have a nucleus
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Plant and Animal Cells
10 Times Larger than Prokaryote Cells.

5. What each cell has: Prokaryote Eukaryote DNA Plasma Membrane Ribosomes
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Cilia/flagella
Eukaryote
Nucleus w/ DNA
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Cell wall (plant)
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Large vacuole (plant)
Chloroplast (plant)
Lysosome (animal)
Cilia/flagella (animal)

6. Microscopes In the 1600’s the first microscope was invented.
Microscopes magnify objects
Two main types of microscopes
Compound light microscope
Multiply lenses to find out magnification
Magnifies about 1500 times
Electron microscope
Uses a beam of electrons to magnify structures
Up to 500,000 times magnified!!!!
Anton van Leeuwenhoek

7. Microscope parts eye piece tube nosepiece arm 10x objective
stage
100x objective
stage clips
rough adjustment
diaphragm
fine adjustment
Light/mirror
base

9. Plasma (cell) Membrane
Physical & chemical boundary of all cells
A double layer called the phospholipid bilayer.
It is selectively permeable (semipermeable) meaning only certain things are let in and out
Gate-keeper of cell

10. Function of Proteins in Membrane
Transport Proteins- move large things in and out of cell

11. Ribosomes Sites of protein synthesis
Proteins are the main product produced by the cell
Not considered a membrane-bound organelle so they are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

12. Nucleus Control center of cell (controls all cellular activites)
Contains DNA
Contains nucleolus where ribosomes are made

13. Nucleolus Located inside of the nucleus Contains RNA and proteins
Makes ribosomes

14. Nuclear membrane/ Nuclear envelope
The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell.

15. Endoplasmic reticulum
Transport system of cell (transports materials)
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER) for lipid synthesis and storage

16. Golgi Apparatus Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins
The cellular post office
Also called golgi body

17. Mitochondria Where energy for the cell is made (ATP)
Site of cellular respiration
Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)

18. Lysosomes Found in animal cells Digest and recycle worn out cell parts
Destroy foreign invaders

19. Plant cell only Large vacuoles for storage of water and sugars
Cell wall made of cellulose for support and protection
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis happens (glucose is made from water, CO2, & sunlight)
Give green color

20. Two organelles have their own DNA
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA because they were probably once free-living bacteria that were “eaten” by a larger cell and instead of being digested, they became part of that cell as an organelle