1. The Periodic Table I. History of the Periodic Table  Mendeleev  Mosely

2. A. Dmitri Mendeleev  Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian) Organized elements by increasing atomic mass. Predicted the existence of undiscovered elements.

3. B. Henry Mosely  Henry Mosely (1913, British) Organized elements by increasing atomic number. Fixed problems in Mendeleev’s arrangement.

4. The Periodic Table II. Organization  Metallic Character  Rows & Columns  Table Sections

5. A. Metallic Character  Metals  Nonmetals  Metalloids

6. B. Table Sections  Representative Elements  Transition Metals  Inner Transition Metals

7. B. Table Sections Lanthanides - part of period 6 Actinides - part of period 7 Overall Configuration

8. C. Columns & Rows  Group (Family)  Period

9. Alkali Metals Soft and shiny React violently with water 1 valence electron Forms ions with +1 charge 1+ is oxidation number

10. Alkaline Earth Metals Have 2 valence electrons Form ions with +2 charge Less reactive than alkali metals 2+ is oxidation number

11. Halogens Has 7 valence electrons Forms ions with -1 charge 1- is oxidation number Very reactive

12. Noble Gases Have full octet (8) of valence electrons (except Helium which has 2) Called “inert gases” because they don’t tend to react

13. The Periodic Table III. Periodic Trends  Terms  Periodic Trends  Dot Diagrams

14.  Periodic Law Properties of elements repeat periodically when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number. A. Terms

15.  Valence Electrons e - in the outermost energy level  Atomic Radius  First Ionization Energy energy required to remove an e - from a neutral atom

16. B. Periodic Trends  Atomic Radius Increases to the LEFT and DOWN.

17. B. Periodic Trends  First Ionization Energy Increases to the RIGHT and UP.

18. B. Periodic Trends  Which atom has the larger radius? BeorBa CaorBr Ba Ca

19. B. Periodic Trends  Which atom has the higher 1st I.E.? NorBi BaorNe N Ne

20. B. Periodic Trends  Group # = # of valence e - (except He) Families have similar reactivity.  Period # = # of energy levels 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

21. C. Dot Diagrams  Dots represent the valence e -.  EX: Sodium  EX: Chlorine