1. Describe how the model of the atom has changed over the years, and how it continues to do so. Understand that scientific knowledge is always evolving. Describe how new theories are accepted by scientists. Week 1 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

2. Rutherford’s gold-leaf experiment Week 1 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

3. Describe protons, neutrons and electrons. Describe the distribution of mass and charge in an atom. Describe the contribution of protons and neutrons to the nucleus in terms of atomic number and mass number. Explain the term isotopes. Deduce the atomic structure in atoms and ions. Week 1 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

4. An isotope of beryllium Week 1 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

5. Week 1 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original Symbol for an isotope

6. Explain why 12 C is used as the standard measurement of relative mass. Define the terms relative isotopic mass and relative atomic mass. Calculate relative atomic masses. Work out relative molecular masses and relative formula masses. Week 1 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original

7. Carbon-12: the standard for measuring atomic masses Week 1 © Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original