1. Introduction to Contemporary Geography © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures Chapter 10 Food and Agriculture Amy D'Angelo SUNY Oswego

2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Government Subsidies The US government has three solutions for the problem of excess productive capacity. – Farmers are encouraged to avoid producing crops that are in excess supply. – The government pays farmers when certain commodity prices are low. – The government buys surplus production and sells or donates it to foreign governments.

3. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Crop Hearths

4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Animal Hearths

5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Total Consumption of Food Humans derive most of their kilocalories through consumption of cereal grain, or simply cereal, which is a grass that yields grain for food. The three leading cereal grains—maize (corn in North America), wheat, and rice—together account for nearly 90 percent of all grain production and more than 40 percent of all dietary energy consumed worldwide.

6. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Dietary Energy by Source

7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Protein Protein by Source Protein from Meat

8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Swine Stock As a result of taboos against consuming pork, the number of pigs raised in different regions of the world varies sharply.

9. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Wine Production

10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Dietary Energy Consumption

11. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Percent Income Spent on Food

12. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Undernourishment Undernourishment is dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity.

13. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Percentage of Farmers in Society In developed countries, around 5 percent of workers are engaged directly in farming, compared to around 50 percent in developing countries.

14. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Rice Production

15. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fish Production Water-based food is acquired in two ways. – Fishing (capture of wild fish and seafood) – Aquaculture (cultivation of seafood) About two-thirds of the fish caught from the ocean is consumed directly by humans, whereas the remainder is converted to fish meal and fed to poultry and hogs.

16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Fishing

17. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Agricultural Land and Population

18. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Food Exports and Trade Balance

19. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Von Thünen Model