1. MTH 231 Section 2.2 Sets, Counting, and the Whole Numbers

2. There Are Three Types Of Numbers 1.Nomimal – a sequence of digits used as an identification (telephone numbers, social security numbers, account numbers with stores and banks) 2.Ordinal – represent place in a sequence, describing the relative position of an object (first, second, 21 st, and so on) 3.Cardinal – answer the question, “How many?”

3. An Example Blake Sims wore jersey number 6 (nominal) for the Alabama Crimson Tide last year. He passed for 3487 yards (cardinal), ranking him second (ordinal) in the SEC in that category.

4. More About Sets A one-to-one correspondence between sets A and B is an assignment between the two sets such that: 1.Every element in A is paired with exactly one element in B; 2.Every element in B is paired with exactly one element in A; 3.No element in either set is unpaired.

5. One-to-One? 1.A classroom with 15 students and 15 textbooks. 2.A classroom with 16 students and 15 books. 3.A classroom with 15 students and 16 books. The implication of one-to-one is that the two sets under discussion have the same number of elements (more on this later).

6. Why is One-to-One Important? Sets A and B are equivalent if there is a one-to- one correspondence between A and B. Moreover, set A is finite if: 1.A is empty, or 2.A is equivalent to a finite set {1, 2, 3, 4,….,n} for some natural number n. A set that is not finite is said to be infinite.

7. Finite or Infinite? 1.The set of students currently enrolled at Shelton State 2.The number of grains of sand on the beach 3.Number of votes for Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election 4.The number of numbers between 0 and 1

8. Cardinality Previously, we learned that a cardinal number can be used to indicate, “How many?” The cardinality of a set A—denoted n(A)—is the number of elements in set A. If A is not empty, then n(A) is a counting number (N, the set of natural or counting numbers, was defined in Section 2.1). If A is empty, then let zero (0) be the cardinality of the empty set.

9. Finally, The Whole Numbers The set of whole numbers, W, is the set of cardinal numbers of all finite sets: W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…} Another way to think about W:

10. Whole Numbers and Venn Diagrams p. 85, problems 17 through 20.