1. Historical Research and Existing Data ESP 178 S. Handy 2/27/07

2. Cross-SectionalLongitudinal Single CaseHistorical events research Historical process research Multiple Cases Cross-sectional comparative research Comparative historical research

3. Examples Qualitative historical research: –TxDOT Highway Bypasses Study Quantitative comparative research: –Portland State bicycle study –Sprawl and obesity study

4. The Economic Impacts of Highway Relief Routes on Small Towns in Texas 1999-2001 project for the Texas Department of Transportation

5. Figure 3-10. Map of Fort Stockton Highways

6. Research Questions What happened to businesses... –In downtown? –On old route? –On new route? What factors explain those changes? –Relief route? –Others?

7. Figure 2-1. Location of Case Study Communities

9. Socio-demographic, geographic and economic data Site visit: –Interviews  –Observations –Photographs Follow-up interviews Data Collection Business owners City officials Community leaders TxDOT officials

10. Figure 3-9. Population of FORT STOCKTON AND PECOS COUNTY, 1900-1990

13. Quantitative Comparative Research

15. Source: Dill and Carr 2003

29. Data Sources

30. National Surveys US Census: http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html American Time Use Survey, BLS: http://www.bls.gov/tus/home.htm http://www.bls.gov/tus/home.htm General Social Survey: http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/projects/gensoc.asp http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/projects/gensoc.asp

32. Source: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2002/02/art3full.pdf; data from Canadian version of ATUShttp://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2002/02/art3full.pdf

34. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/25/opinion/25schott.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

50. Uses of Census and Other Data As a source of descriptive statistics at the start of a research project. As a way of identifying appropriate communities to use as a part of a sampling plan. As a basis for assessing how well your sample matches the target population.

52. Figure 1. Vehicle Miles Traveled per Person in US, 1936-2003

53. Figure 2. Capital Outlays for Highways in US, 1956-2000

55. From UCTC proposal

56. policypete.com/background(11).htm

57. From ALR cul-de-sacs proposal

59. From Caltrans study

61. Environmental Justice Analysis

62. “Environmental Justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Fair treatment means that no group of people, including a racial, ethnic, or a socioeconomic group, should bear a disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences resulting from industrial, municipal, and commercial operations or the execution of federal, state, local, and tribal programs and policies. Meaningful involvement means that: (1) potentially affected community residents have an appropriate opportunity to participate in decisions about a proposed activity that will affect their environment and/or health; (2) the public's contribution can influence the regulatory agency's decision; (3) the concerns of all participants involved will be considered in the decision making process; and (4) the decision makers seek out and facilitate the involvement of those potentially affected.” Source: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/environmentaljustice/

63. “The SCAG RTP used Census data to profile mode choice by income category, clarifying who most benefitted from farebox subsidies for bus, urban rail, and Metrolink, a commuter rail operation.” Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ejustice/case/case4.htm

66. Issues Responsible use of secondary data: –Ask questions Methodological complications: –Challenge of putting good data sets together –Method of agreement for identifying causes Ethical issues: –FOIA –Cross-cultural issues

67. Meet in 1137 PES again on Thursday!