1. EPT 221 CONFIGURATION DESIGN

2. Objective of This Lecture Describe the configuration design phase Describe ways to generate product and parts configurations Describe and apply ways to analyse, refine and evaluate alternative configurations.

3. What is configuration design?

4. Alternative Configuration - parts arrangement

5. Alternative Configuration -different parts/features

6. Alternative Configuration -different parameters/dimensions

7. What is part design? Physical principle Forces in equilibrium

8. Alternative Configurations

9. What is configuration design? The phase of product development when we determine the number and type of parts or geometric features in our design, how they are spatially arranged or interconnected, and approximate relative dimensions of the parts or features, and develop a list of design variables. Deals with:  Product architecture  the selection and arrangement of components on a product  Part configuration  the selection and arrangement of features on a part.

10. Configuration Decisions How do we create different configurations? By changing one or more of these

11. How to start configuring a product?

12. Product Configuration The goal is to prepare a rough layout/sketch of the product. Layout sketches:  Sketches drawn roughly to scale to show the geometric or spatial arrangement of the selected components and illustrate their relative shapes and sizes.  Contains no dimensions or tolerances.

13. Product Architecture Develop product architecture:  Product architecture according to Ulrich and Eppinger (1995) is how the physical elements and functional elements of a product are arranged or clustered into physical building blocks called chunks and how the chunks interact. Physical elements: the physical concepts developed during the conceptual design phase, and/or the components such as standard or special-purpose parts and/or assemblies. Functional elements: the functions that a product performs. Why do we need product architecture? Because before we determine the details of a product, we need to know the general layout of a product.

14.  2 types of product architecture: i.Modular architecture: chunks implement one or a few functions, and the interaction between chunks are well defined. ii.Integral architecture: a single chunk implements many functional elements or many chunks implement or share one function, and the interaction is ill- defined. Modular Architecture Integral Architecture

15. Steps for Developing a Product Architecture (Ulrich and Eppinger Procedure) Step 1: Create a schematic (of the product elements), including physical elements that have not been reduced to a physical concept. Keep the number of elements under 30. separate the others to be worked on later. Step 2: Cluster elements into chunks. Start with a single element and cluster it with another when it is beneficial to:  Share functions  Enable standardization (use or create standard parts or modules)  Integrate geometry (i.e., dimensional precision between features)  Exploit vendor capabilities (e.g., such as injection moulding expertise)  Fully utilize manufacturing process capabilities  Accommodate consumer variety (options, customization)  Exploit common interfaces (120 VAC, air duct connectors, PC bus)  Manage changing technologies or components  Provide for wear, upgrades, maintenance, consumables Step 3: Make a rough geometric layout. Use either 2D or 3D sketches and/or CAD drawings or build a physical prototype. Arrange chunks so that the interfaces remain feasible. Recluster any element to maintain feasible interactions and interfaces. Discuss the layout with others on the team. Refine the layout as necessary. Step 4: Identify the fundamental and incidental interactions. Examine the flow of matter, energy, and signal between chunks. Are the desired functions preserved? Identify incidental interactions such as unwanted vibration, or heat generation, or EMI, and show on incidental interaction graph

16. Printer Example Step 1: Create a schematic

17. Step 2: Create elements into chunks

18. Step 3: Make a rough geometric layout

19. Step 4: Sketch interaction diagram

20. Part Configuration

21. Part  a single-piece component that is made out of one material and needs no assembly. Has geometric features Arrangement of features: locations, orientations Contiguous features: features that are connected to each other Relative dimensions: features that have different widths and heights with respect to each other.

22. Part Configuration Decisions How do we create different configurations? By changing one or more of these

23. How to generate alternative configurations?

24. Example: Sponge Holder Sponge holder Step 1: Prepare configuration requirement sketch Step 2: Prepare alternative noncontiguous part configurations

25. Step 3: Prepare alternative contiguous configurations

26. Step 4: Refine configurations

27. Configuration Design Analysis

28. How to analyze configurations? We asks the following questions: Thus developing these 3 criterion categories: Will the product function as it should? Will the product be able to be assembled? Will the product be manufacturable? Design for function Design for assembly Design for manufacture

29. Design for function checklist

30. Design for Assembly A name used to describe a set of practices that aim to reduce the costs of part handling, insertion, and fastening. Assembly: a process of handling components and to bring them together (inserting) and then fastening them.

31. Reduce handling Handling: grasping, moving, orient, place Influenced by part features or attributes. So, part/ product must be designed to reduce handling:

32. Reduce insertion and fastening effort Insertion and fastening: mating of a part to another part or sub-assembly So, insertion and fastening of a part/ product is influenced by:

33. Design for Assembly Principles by (SME)

34. Using standard parts

35. Minimise part count Encouraging modular assembly Eliminate reorientation Facilitating parts handling

36. Eliminating cables

37. Stacking subassemblies from the bottom up

38. Based on the principles/ guidelines by SME Varying product architecture by: i.Encouraging modular assembly ii.Using standard parts iii.Stacking from bottom up iv.Minimising the number of parts Varying part configurations by: i.Self-fastening features ii.Self-locating features iii.Eliminating reorientation

39. Design for Manufacture Is the set of practices that aim to improve the fabrication of individual parts Will the manufacturing processes produce the configured part features? Will the processes be economical with respect to materials, processing, and tooling costs?

40. Checklist for Parts Made by Molding/ Casting Design for molding/ casting

41. Checklist for Parts Made by Sheet Metalworking Design for sheet metalworking

42. Checklist for Parts Made by Machining Design for machining

43. Obtaining the best configuration design - evaluation

44. Example : Evaluate the sponge holder configuration

45. Evaluation using the Weighted-Rating Method Can also use Pugh’s Method such as that in the conceptual design phase

46. Weighted-Rating Evaluation of Sponge Holder Configurations

47. Configuration Design Summary

48. Using Graphics in Configuration Design: Computer-Aided Design The goal of using solid modeling packages is to generate, analyse, and evaluate alternative configurations; not to document the design efforts. Advantages: