1. THE UPDATE MODEL  Demand for CPE (factors): –Information explosion –Changing nature of knowledge –Increasing organizational complexity –Drive to maintain excellence –Public’s demand for accountability –Compulsory relicensure –Threat of malpractice litigation

2. –Rapid development of new technologies –Shifts in governmental regulatory  Mandatory CPE appealed to many professional associations  To hold their members accountable for maintaining their proficiency and performance  CEU defined as 10 contact hours of participation in organized and recognized CPE

3. New Knowledge/Skills New Legislation New Technology A Profession’s Knowledge/Skills Base KEEPING UP

4.  The dominant model of CPE  Objective to ‘update’ information  Sometime known as Knowledge update or technology transfer  Typical two- or three-day short course  Using didactic instruction  Positivist paradigm:

5. Positivist Paradigm General principle from basic science Applied science including related skills and attitude Problem solving: basic science mediated by applied science

6.  Positivist model is the dominant epistemology of professional practice  Professionalism means when applying a research-based techniques – firmly grounded in the world of certainty, stability and rigor  The advance of basic knowledge which sometimes removes from practice creates a gap between theory and practice

7.  Therefore informational updates – keeping up is the motif of CPE  The positivist model of knowledge focus on problem solving not problem definition  Problem definition filled with uncertainty, uniqueness, instability, and values conflict – dimensions of reality better addressed by soft knowledge such as artistry, craft, and wisdom

8.  Problem setting: “…the process by which we define the decision to be made, the ends to be achieved and the means which may be chosen.” (Schon, 1983, pp. 21-69)  Keeping professionals up to date is a means, not an end in itself