1. Nationalism, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism in Britain

3. Source: Policy Exchange, ‘A Portrait of Modern Britain’ (2014

4. Wards % White Quintile 1 6,72294% Quintile 2 1,02979% Quintile 3 40658% Quintile 4 24840% Quintile 5 16621% Total885082 Wards % White Quintile 1755498 Quintile 272687 Quintile 328873 Quintile 418057 Quintile 510234 Total885091 20012011

5. White Flight?

7. Manchester 1991-2001 White neighbourhoods remain relatively white

8. USA 1970-2000 Source: data from Card Mas & Rothstein 2008 Source: Andersson Hammarstedt Neuman 2012

9. Minorities mix with each other as whites decline

15. How did Ethnic Groups Move?: by Ethnic Neighbourhood Type, 2001-11 Source: R. Johnston, M. Poulsen, J. Forrest, Multiethnic residential areas in a multiethnic country? A decade of major change in England and Wales,’ Environment and Planning A 2013, volume 45, pages 753 – 759

16. Indexes of Acculturation British-born S. Asians do much better than parents Hindus, Ugandan Asians and Indian Muslims do better than Bangladeshis and Pakistanis Asians succeed more in education than in employment/income Poor whites and blacks at bottom of economic ladder

17. Multicultural policy (??) Faith Schools Limited funding for ethnic newspapers, associations and projects Public services in other languages Ethnic 'Leaders' in Local Government meeting with government SO NOT REALLY ABOUT POWER AND MONEY BEING HANDED OUT ON ETHNIC LINES, INSTEAD: **Symbolism. National identity: 'Britain as multicultural'

18. Inter-Ethnic Violence 1958 Notting Hill - White-Black Riots 1981 Toxteth Riot – Police v Black Youths 2001 Mill Town Riots: Oldham, Bradford, Leeds, Burnley. White-Asian violence Shift to White-Asian clashes Blacks v State, but not v whites S Asian Muslims v whites, but not v state Cantle 2006: segregation and political mutliculturalism partly to blame

19. Policy Shift Begins 2000 after Parekh Report Change in Europe with rise of Far Right 1990s (i.e. Le Pen; Haider) 2001 Mill Town Riots & 9/11, 7/7 Change in Centre-Left and Centre-Right

20. National Identity and Multiculturalism In most western societies, issues around immigrant incorporation are symbolic rather than material Official discourse School curriculum Very little power/money allocated to ethnic group bodies

21. Multivocal, not multicultural Multicultural, with white peripheries English ethnic nation, multicultural cities, Celtic periphery

22. Multivocalism/Multi-Nationalism Current vogue for integrationist civic nationalism alienates multiculturalists and ethno-nationalists Why not establish a common minimum and fill in the blanks? Wide range of lenses on the nation tolerated and validated Tailor-made nationalism, multivocal symbols

23. Constructive Ambiguity Wording is ambiguous Sold differently to each side Leaders allow each side to believe the deal favours them No problem if ethnic Englishman identifies with Britain through her ethnicity

24. Source: Catney, G. 2013. ‘Has neighbourhood ethnic segregation decreased,’ Dynamics of Diversity: Evidence from the 2011 census (JRF/Manchester: February), ethnicity.ac.uk

25. Changes in Mutual Segregation (index of dissimilarity), for Combinations of Groups, 1991-2001 and 2001-2011 Change in Segregation (ID), 1991- 2011, England and Wales White British-Minority little change White British-individual minorities modest decline Minority-minority largest decline

27. Muslim Religious Retention