1. Genetics Review

2. Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel What organism did Mendel use to study genetics? Pea Plants

3. Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ___________________. _____________ is the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. heredity Genetics

4. __________________ = An allele that IS MASKED BY the presence of another allele Recessive The appearance of an organism is its _____________ phenotype

5. Another name for heterozygous hybrid The diagram at the right is called a _____________ Punnett square

6. __________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele Dominant A recessive gene is represented by a _________________ letter. lower case

7. _______________ are different gene choices for a trait. Alleles

8. A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter. (usually the first letter of the trait) capital When both alleles in the pair are the SAME the organism is ______________ Homozygous or purebred

9. When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is _________________ Heterozygous or hybrid monohybrid A cross that involves only 1 trait is called a ____________ cross.

10. Homozygous (HO) or Heterozygous (HE)? TT ____ Yy ____ Hh ____ Mm ____ Ee ____ kk ____ BB ____ ZZ ____ HO HE HO HE

11. Determine the Phenotype: Pink flowers are dominant to red flowers PP _____________ Pp _____________ pp _____________ Brown eyes are dominant to green eyes BB ____________ Bb ____________ bb ____________ Pink Red Brown Green Brown

12. For each phenotype, list the genotype: Straight hair is dominant to curly. ____________ straight ____________ straight ____________ curly Square heads are dominant to round heads. ____________ square ____________ square ____________ round SS Ss ss SS Ss ss

13. In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a black Guinea pig is crossed with a brown Guinea pig and the litter contains a brown baby, the genotype of the black parent is probably BBBb bb Bb; Must have one B to be black must have one b to pass on to baby

14. T = Tall t = short The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is _________. Their phenotype is _________. Tt tall

15. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Heterozygous If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75 GGGg gg G g G g

16. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) Red throats (R) are dominant over white (r) throats in Goonie birds. Make a cross between a PURE RECESSIVE and a HETEROZYGOUS Goonie bird. 50% red throats 50% white throats Rr rr R r r

17. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats. Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats. 75 % black eyes 25% red eyes B b B b BB Bb Bb bb

18. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______% 0% only ww makes it short

19. What is the probability the offspring will have straight tails? In Reebops curly tails (T) are dominant over straight tails (t). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE Reebop. 0% All will be Curly tailed (Tt) Tt Tt Tt T T t

20. What will the offspring be like? (% and color) Purple (P)is the dominant color for monsters. Yellow is recessive (p). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS purple and a yellow monster. 100% purple Pp P P p