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5.1 Mendelian Inheritance
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Monks are known for many things…
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Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian monk “the father of modern genetics” http://science.discovery.com/ tv-shows/greatest- discoveries/videos/100- greatest-discoveries-shorts- genetics.htmhttp://science.discovery.com/ tv-shows/greatest- discoveries/videos/100- greatest-discoveries-shorts- genetics.htm
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Pea Plant Experiments Mendel crossed true-breeding plants (the P generation) to form hybrids (the F 1 generation) F1 generation were monohybrids because they differed only in 1 characteristic
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Mendel’s conclusions organisms carry 2 “factors” for each trait, one from each parent factors can be dominant or recessive law of segregation explains how only one copy of each gene is in gametes
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Take a look at yourself…
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Which characteristics do you think are dominant or recessive?
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Cheek Dimples cheek dimples are dominant
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Brown/black eyes? brown/black eyes are dominant over blue/green eyes
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Attached Earlobes? attached earlobes are recessive
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Widow’s Peak? pointed hairline is dominant over straight hairline
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Hitchhiker’s thumb? a straight thumb is dominant over a bent thumb
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Tongue roller? the ability to roll your tongue is dominant
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Left thumb on top? when you fold your hands, the left thumb on top is dominant over the right thumb on top
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6 fingers? polydactyly is dominant
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How are these traits inherited? Back to Mendel…
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More terms… alleles are specific forms of genes; some alleles are dominant, some recessive phenotype is the outward appearance of the genotype, which is the set of alleles an individual has genotypes can be homozygous or heterozygous
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Punnett square chart that organizes the possible combination of “factors” in offspring See this website for a simple animation on creating a Punnett square: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/dnatoday/g enepool/genepool%20think.htmlhttp://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/dnatoday/g enepool/genepool%20think.html
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Test Cross An individual has the dominant phenotype for a trait. How can you determine if the individual’s genotype is homozygous or heterozygous? Do a test cross…
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