1. Chapter 17:
Static Electricity:

2. Electrostatic Phenomena
Static Electricity:
Electrostatic Phenomena
Have you ever experience:
You walk across the rug, reach for the doorknob
and ZAP!!! You get a shock. WHY?

3. Electrostatic Phenomena
Static Electricity:
Electrostatic Phenomena
OR have you ever experience:
You come inside from the cold, pull off your hat and......BOING!!! All your hair stands on end. What is going on here? And why does it only happen in the winter?

4. Static Electricity:
Electrostatic Phenomena

5. Static Electricity:
Electrostatic Phenomena

6. Static Electricity:
Electrostatic Phenomena

7. Electrostatic Phenomena
Static Electricity:
Electrostatic Phenomena
Summary

8. Static Electricity:
Structure of an atom

9. Static Electricity:
Insulators & Conductors

10. Static Electricity:
Neutralising Charged Conductors

11. Static Electricity:
Neutralising Charged Conductors

12. Static Electricity:
Charging by Induction

13. Static Electricity:
Charging by Induction

14. Static Electricity:
Charging a single conductor

15. Static Electricity:
Charging a single conductor

16. Unit of Charge – The Coulomb (C)
Electric Field:
Unit of Charge – The Coulomb (C)
The Coulomb is the quantity of electric charge that passes through a given section in a circuit when a steady current of one ampere flows for one second.

17. Unit of Charge – The Coulomb (C)
Electric Field:
Unit of Charge – The Coulomb (C)
Unlike Charges
Like Charges

18. Electric Field: Coulomb’s Law
The electrostatic force of interaction between two charged particles is proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of their separation, and its direction is along the line joining the two charges.
Where є=8.85 x C2 N-1 m-2

19. Electric Field:
An Electric Field exists in a region of space where a small positive charge experiences an electric force.
The direction of the field is defined as the direction of the force on a small positive charge.

20. Electric Field:
An Electric Field exists in a region of space where a small positive charge experiences an electric force.
The direction of the field is defined as the direction of the force on a small positive charge.

21. Electric Field:
An electric dipole

22. Practical Application of Electrostatics:
1. Electrostatic Precipitator

23. Practical Application of Electrostatics:
Spray Paint

24. Practical Application of Electrostatics:
3a. Photocopier
White parts of paper reflect lot of light to some part of drum, making these areas conducting and loses charges
Drum coated with Selenium, a photoconductor

25. Practical Application of Electrostatics:
3b. Photocopier
Fine particles of carbon powder (toner) are attracted to charged area of the drum

26. Potential Hazards with Electrostatics
1a. Lightning
• Friction between clouds and wind causes the cloud to be charged NEGATIVELY
• Highly Charged clouds ionise the air around it
• Air becomes a conductor to these charges
• Charges flow through the air to the earth at very high speeds, giving off light
• Charges take the shortest path

27. Potential Hazards with Electrostatics
1b. Lightning
• Lightning conductors are fitted on top of buildings
• When thunderclouds are nearby, positive charges are induced on lightning conductors
• Induced positive charges remove electrons from the nearby air and ionise surrounding air
• Positive charged air flow upwards to neutralise the thundercloud

28. Potential Hazards with Electrostatics
• Charge flows readily to or from sharp metal points
• Point of the rod collects electrons from the air, preventing large buildup of positive charge on the building by induction.
• Continual “leakage” of charge prevents a charge buildup that might lead to sudden discharge between the cloud and building
1c. Lightning Rod
Purpose of lightning rod:
To prevent a lightning discharge. Hence, to prevent a fire caused by lightning!

29. Potential Hazards with Electrostatics
• Lightning rod collects the electrons from the bottom of the cloud and discharges them, preventing a large discharge in the form of lightning.
 Should a discharge occur, the sharp point causes a concentration of positive charge at the tip, attracting the lightning and conducts the electrons to the ground, preventing damage to the building
1c. Lightning Rod

30. Potential Hazards with Electrostatics
2. Fires and explosions
• Tyres of moving truck acquires negatively charges by friction from the road
• Metal body near tyres become positively charged by induction
• Sparks may be produced
• Metal chain at the rear end conducts electrons from ground to neutralise positive charges on the metal body of truck
• It also allows the truck to discharge excess charge

31. Van De Graaff Generator
• Charges on surface of dome cause the air nearby to be ionised, making the air partially conducting
• A pathway for charges on the dome to leak off into the air, causing “Lightning”

32. Electrostatic – Shock!
• When your shoes scuff against the rug, your shoes are actually picking up electrons from the rug.
• The electrons move over your body, giving you a negative charge. 
• If you touch a metal doorknob, the electrons on your body will leap into the metal, attracted by the protons there.
• The transfer of electrons is actually a small electrical current, and produces the tiny electric shock you feel. 

33. Electrostatic
The End