1. Pre-Islam Mecca was trade center people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Kaaba –contained statues of over 360 deities; they brought wealth

2. Bedouin Tribes

3. The Life of Muhammad—570-632 Born in Mecca; married his boss at age 25 (she was wealthy) 610 C.E.—The Night of Power—he experienced a revelation (vision) –His teachings: only one God that all must worship Most Meccans persecuted him (afraid would lose $) –Muhammad fled to Medina Muslims eventually returned and defeated the Meccans and won support –Muslims entered Mecca—destroyed idols in the Kaaba— turned it into a sanctuary believed to be built by Abraham Muhammad was the last and greatest of the prophets

4. Mecca pre-Islam

5. Connection Between Islam and Judaism Abraham SarahHagar Isaac Ishmael Jews/Hebrews Islam/Arabs

6. Muhammad

7. Beliefs of Islam: Quran (Koran) = holy book Mecca = most holy city/Medina = 2 nd most holy/Jerusalem = 3 rd most holy Mosque = place of worship –No symbols of God or pictures of living things inside (to help focus on God)

9. Ka’aba

10. Black Stone— originally white, but turned black by absorbing the sins of those who touch and kiss it A white stone given to Adam

11. Quran

12. The Grand Mosque in Bur Dubai, Iran

13. Dome of the Rock

15. Dome of the Rock and Wailing Wall

16. Beliefs about Christianity Jesus was a prophet of God, not God incarnate He did not marry and have children –He was not crucified; God would not have one of His prophets killed Islam is a continuation of Judaism and Christianity (“people of the book”)

17. Prayer

18. Five Pillars of Islam 1.“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet” 2.Pray 5 times a day (facing Mecca) 3.Charity or alms 4.Fasting during month of Ramadan 5.Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

19. A group of Muslims break their daily Ramadan fast with an Iftar meal in Riyadh on Nov. 11.

20. Hajj—circling the Ka’bah

23. The Spread of Islam After Muhammad died, a caliph—successor—was designated (he left no clear instructions on how to chose one) to spread Islamic message Two sects of Islam were created because of disputes about caliphs: –Shi’a (Shi’ite or Shi’i) = acknowledge Ali and his descendants as rightful successors to Muhammad as caliph; had to be a relative of Muhammad (minority) –Sunni = acknowledge the 1 st 4 caliphs as rightful successors (majority)

24. Islamic Empires 1 st 4 caliphs had strong militaries that conquered regions around them 750 C.E. Muslim Empire was from Atlantic Ocean to Indus River (6,000 miles) [even into Spain] –Conquered people were allowed to have their own religions, but they were restricted and heavy taxes were imposed (Quran forbid forced conversions)

25. Advancements House of Wisdom in Baghdad—library, academy, and translation center Math: corrections to Greek algebraic and geometric theories –advances in trigonometry – Algebra –Arabic numerals (originally from India)

26. Advancements Astronomy: sophisticated instruments developed, remapped constellations (used by later civilizations) –to know exact location of Mecca) Chemistry: calculated specific weights of different minerals

27. Other Advancements Medicine: formal examinations and regular courses of study for doctors –advances in optics –some of world’s best hospitals

28. Other Advancements Trade: papermaking, silk-weaving Geography: some of the world’s best maps