1. Day 2 Lecture Structure of the scientific paper

2. Research paper: Structure is everything IntroductionWhat did I want to do? MethodHow did I do it? ResultsWhat did I find? And DiscussionWhat might it mean?

3. A highly condensed version of your abstract Irreducible number of terms needed to accurately describe the content of the paper

4. Indicative Maintenance treatment of major depression in old age: randomized controlled trial Informative Two-year mainenance therapy with paroxetine prevents recurrent depression in old age: randomized control trial

5. Abstract Classical form Structured Aim Method Results Conclusions Objective Setting Participants Design Intervention Main outcome measures Results Conclusions

6. Authors Byline

7. 743 autora 2001: 743 authors

8. 743 autora

13. 2010: 2080 authors

14. Structure of a scientific article: Introduction

15. Structure of a scientific article: Methods Like a recipe For informed readers this is the most important section Describe how subjects were selected and excluded Don’t describe standard methods in detail - use references Statistics Ethics

16. Structure of a scientific article: Methods Pediat Res 1972;6:26 Blood for analysis was taken from 48 informed and consenting subjects; their age was 6 months to 22 years.

17. Structure of a scientific article: Results Figures and Tables should: Add information Save space Be self-explanatory Not be overloaded with numbers or ink

18. Results: Understanding numbers Evidence-based guidelines: Numbers should be kept to significant digits (except where absolutely necessary). Fractions should be given with percents; raw numbers for small samples. People don’t appreciate the magnitude of large numbers (greater than a million). Roman numerals should be avoided, except for cranial nerves, clotting factors, and world wars.

19. Manipulation of images - No specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. - Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if they are applied to the whole image and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Nonlinear adjustments must be disclosed in the figure legend.

20. Manipulation of images

22. Thanks to David Vaux, International Council for Science

23. Structure of a scientific article: Discussion

24. I ntroduction M ethod R esults A nd D iscussion Structure!!