1. M6.3 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES KAKI, IRAN TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 32 DEAD 850 INJURED Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. THE EPICENTER: KAKI The town of Kaki is located 96 km (57 miles) southeast of Bushehr, a town on the Persian Gulf that is home of Iran’s first nuclear power plant, built with Russian help. “No damage was done to the Bushehr power plant.”

3. BUSHEHR: DAMAGE

4. Iran has a long history of destructive earthquakes, which have already left at least 126,000 dead during the 20 th and 21 st centuries.

5. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Contact Mehdi Zare and Mohammad Shahvar, IIEES mzare@iiees.ac.ar

6. ADDITIONAL PERSPECTIVE

7. IRAN: INTERACTION OF ARABIAN —ANATOLIAN---EURASIAN PLATES

8. INTERACTING TECTONIC PLATES

9. REGIONAL SEISMICITY

10. IRAN: HIGH TO VERY HIGH RISK

11. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

12. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..) intersect at a point in space and time.

13. Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

14. THE REASONS ARE... The community is UN- PREPARED for what will likely happen

15. THE REASONS ARE... When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure that are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards will be LOST.

16. UNREINFORCED MASONRY, BRICK OR STONE REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH UNREINFORCED WALLS INTENSITY REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS STEEL FRAME ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME VVIVIIVIIIIX 3530 25 20 15 10 5 0 MEAN DAMAGE RATIO, % OF REPLACEMENT VALUE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND SHAKING

17. THE REASONS ARE... The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for concerted local, national, regional, and international actions.

18. THE REASONS ARE... The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the full spectrum of emergency situations that can occur.

19. THE REASONS ARE... The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

20. BAM EARTHQUAKE: DECEMBER 26, 2003

21. TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

22. IRAN’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION EARTHQUAKE RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS