1. Section 3 Basic Maneuvering Tasks: Low ,
Moderate & Complex Risk Driving Environments

2. Bell Ringer
Write a half a page red to red.
Imagine you’re heading into Harrisonburg and you approach an intersection. What steps would you take in order to safely make it through the intersection.
(Use SEEit to explain the steps.)

3. Day 3 Objectives
The students will understand different methods of communicating while driving
The students will be able to define and understand importance of staggered stop lines
The students will be able to define and understand importance of shared left turn lanes
The students will recognize and understand the characteristics for hills and curves
The students will understand different characteristics of multiple lane roadways
The students will be able to identify and define the names and meanings of roadways
The students will be able to identify and define the 4 types of interchanges
The students will recognize and understand the function of common expressway signs
Related SOL: DE.4, DE.5, DE.6, DE.7, and DE.12

4. Communication

5. Some ways to communicate:
Signals—
Headlights—
Brake Lights—
Horn—
Hand Signals—
Position of Vehicle—
Speed—
Driver Actions—

6. Communication To be effective: Must be clear
Must take place early enough for others to receive and act upon the information that was sent.

7. Staggered stops

8. Staggered Stops
Improves visibility and creates space for a truck making a left turn.
Stop your vehicle (RED car) behind the white(black) stop bar
Select Lane Position 3 to give the truck as much space as possible

9. Shared Left Turn Lane

10. Shared Left Turn Lane- Turn from Moving Traffic
Check for vehicles already stopped or if anyone will be entering lane
Check traffic to rear and signal intention to turn left

11. Shared Left Turn Lane- Turn from Moving Traffic
Brake to a stop if a gap is not available
Should not drive more than 150 feet in a shared left lane.

12. Shared Left Turn Lane- Enter Street From a Driveway
Signal left turn and stop at edge of roadway
Check for driver on opposite side of roadway waiting to turn left.
Check for safe gap in traffic to the left.

13. Shared Left Turn Lane- Enter Street From a Driveway
If clear in both directions, enter nearest through lane.

14. Shared Left Turn Lane- Enter Street From a Driveway
If there is a gap to the left, but not the right, turn into the shared left turn lane and stop.

15. Shared Left Turn Lane- Enter Street From a Driveway
Signal for a right turn.
When traffic is clear to the right, accelerate and steer into nearest traffic lane.

16. Curves & Hills

17. Techniques for Hills and Curves
Searching Into a Curve
Look ahead and through the curve
Look for problems that may affect your path of travel and line of sight
Apex: the point at which your car is closest to the inside edge of the usable roadway
Trail Braking: Releasing brake pressure while you steer.

18. Things to ask yourself when driving through curves
Does the roadway curve left or right?
Can the exit of the curve be seen ahead?
What is the sharpness of the curve?
What is the lane width, shoulder conditions, posted speed, or traffic volume?
Is the curve on grade, up or down hill?
Is the field of view restricted?
Can an apex point for exiting the curve be determined?
Do not write this slide

19. Entering a Curve to the Right Determine Line of Sight / Path of Travel
LP2- provides the best visibility
Check traffic to the rear
Moving Through the Curve
Determine target area
LP3- provides best space cushion
Exit in Lane Position 1
Exiting the Curve
LP1- Adjust speed and position for best visibility and space cushion
Lane Position 3 Apex Point
Path of Travel
Line of Sight
Begin in Lane Position 2

20. LP 2- provides best space cushion (Apex)
Entering a Curve to the Left
Determine Line of Sight/Path of Travel
LP 3 provides the best visibility
Check traffic to the rear
Begin in Lane Position 3
Moving Through the Curve
Determine target area
LP 2- provides best space cushion (Apex)
Lane Position 2 Apex Point
Exiting the Curve Adjust LP 1- speed and position for best visibility and space cushion
Exit in Lane Position 1
Path of Travel
Line of Sight

21. Reduce Speed When:
Approaching and crossing intersections where cross traffic is not required to stop by traffic control devices
Approaching and crossing railroad grade crossings
Approaching and going around curves or hills
Traveling on narrow or winding roads
Approaching pedestrians or other traffic
Encountering bad weather or dangerous highway conditions

22. Speed in a Curve You should reduce speed going into a curve.
Squeeze the brake on entry and trail off the brake until the apex or exit point is determined
Once apex is reached, use light acceleration to pull the car out of the curve through the exit

23. Speed in a Curve
Speed going through a curve will determine how much traction your car will have.

24. Road Position in a Curve
Under-steer: Traction loss into a curve.
Over-steer: Traction loss on the exit of a curve.

25. Line of Sight Over a Hill
Determine the Best Line of Sight and Path of Travel
Lane position 3 provides the best space cushion
Line of Sight is Restricted Up and Down Hill

26. Traveling Downhill
When traveling downhill check your vehicle’s speed and rearview mirror every five seconds
Do not ride the brake.
If necessary, shift to a lower gear.

27. Names and Meanings of Roadways
Highway-main public roadway that runs from city to city
Expressway- high speed divided highway
Freeway-(superhighway) has no tolls

28. Names and Meanings of Roadways
Turnpike- Usually an expressway that requires toll to be paid (also a tollway)
Beltway- highway that goes around a city
Junctions- Where two roadways meet or intersect.

29. Characteristics of an Expressway
Exit Ramp
Access Ramp
Deceleration Lane
Acceleration Lane
Merging

30. Expressways
High speed roadways (up to 70 mph) that carry a high volume of traffic
Usually divided by a barrier of some type
Guardrail, cement, grassy median
Multiple lanes going in the same direction

31. Expressways Controlled-access at interchanges
There are only certain areas where a driver can enter
Low frequency of collisions
When accidents do occur the severity rate is increased because of the speeds involved

32. Types of Interchanges

33. Cloverleaf Interchange
A cloverleaf interchange has a series of entrance and exit ramps that resemble the outline of a four leaf clover.
This design
allows for the interchange of two expressways or major roadways.
has shared entrance and exit weave lanes.

34. Cloverleaf Interchange
Curved roadways have banked and flat exits, which lead to braking and steering problems as drivers adjust from high speed to the speed of the exit curve.

35. Diamond Interchange
A diamond interchange is designed to be used when a road with slower speeds crosses a busy expressway.
This design allows:
for the interchange of a major roadway with a secondary dual or multiple lane roadway.
Traffic is permitted to move ONLY in the direction indicated by the arrows.

36. Diamond Interchange
May have traffic control devices which allows for a left or right turn onto the secondary roadway.
Allows the driver to re-enter the entrance by moving across the intersection of the secondary roadway

37. Trumpet Interchange
A trumpet interchange is used when an intersecting side road forms a T intersection with the expressway.
This design:
accommodates the T-intersection flow of traffic at the junction of two roadways.
allows for traffic on a secondary two-way street to merge onto a multiple lane roadway.

38. Frontage Interchange This design allows:
Frontage Road Interchanges allow vehicles using parallel secondary two-way or one-way roadways to merge onto a major multiple lane roadway.
This design allows:
drivers to exit a multiple lane roadway and use the parallel frontage road.
secondary road traffic flows to mix efficiently with higher speed traffic flows on the multiple lane roadway.
Traffic is permitted to move ONLY in the direction indicated by the arrows.

39. Common Expressway Signs

40. Common Expressway Signs
A major contributor to your decision as to how you will maintain a safe path of travel, proper lane position, and your lane choice, is based on the information provided by the road signs and lane markings.

41. Interstate Signs
The “Interstate Sign” is shaped like a shield and is red, white and blue in color.

42. Expressway Numbering North/South highways have odd numbers
Higher the number, more East…Lower the number, more West

43. Expressway Numbering East/West have even numbers
Higher the number, more North…Lower the number, more South

44. Expressway Numbering
Most routes are one and two digit

45. Expressway Numbering
Alternate routes are usually three digit.

46. Expressway Numbering
First digit is even the alternate route goes around the city, odd leads into the city
Washington DC

47. Common Expressway Signals
Reversible lane signals
Lane Signals
A GREEN arrow over a lane — the lane is open for travel.
A RED “X” over a lane — travel in that lane is closed or prohibited.
A YELLOW “X” over a lane — travel in that lane is about to change or close.

48. Expressway Lane Markings
Solid YELLOW line
marks the left edge of the roadway.
should always be on the driver’s left side.
Traffic Flow

49. Expressway Lane Markings
Solid WHITE line
marks the right edge of the roadway, or entrance and exit lanes.
Traffic Flow

50. Expressway Lane Markings
Broken WHITE line
separates lanes of traffic going in the same direction.
Traffic Flow

51. Expressway Lane Markings
HOV lanes
(high occupancy vehicle)
are marked with a white diamond.
require a minimum number of passengers in the vehicle.

52. Speed Limits 70 mph is the maximum speed on expressways in Virginia.
In urban, congested areas the maximum speed is 55 mile per hour. (RT. 33)
In Virginia, it is against the law to operate a vehicle at such a slow speed as to impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic

53. Class Work
Read pages:
Answers questions 1-4 on page 266