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SQL John Nowobilski
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What is SQL? Structured Query Language Manages Data in Database Management Systems based on the Relational Model Developed in 1970s by IBM
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Relational Database Matches data by common characteristics within data set Based on relational algebra and relational calculus Also known as a schema
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RDBMS Relational Database Management System DBMS where data and relationships among data are stored in tables Data can be accessed without changing forms of tables
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Advanced Clothing Solutions
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Queries Way to access information from the Database All data and relationships are stored in tables SQL: “SELECT - FROM - WHERE” statement format to access the relations/data stored in schema
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Tables Name of the table is the object you are trying to represent Consist of a tuple of columns that contain information about that table OOP: member variables ≈ columns
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Column Datatypes Each column has associated datatype Set of “primitive” types as in OOP INT, CHAR, VARCHAR, BOOL, FLOAT DATE, TIME, YEAR, BLOB
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SELECT - FROM “SELECT” clause accesses columns from a selected table Access all columns, or specify which you want to access “FROM” clause determines which tables to access columns from
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SELECT * FROM articles; SELECT stock, rating, price FROM inventory;
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WHERE clause Adds constraints to returned results from queries Allows for relationships to be accessed between multiple tables “AND” clause adds more constraints to returned results
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SELECT * FROM articles WHERE size =‘M’ AND gender =‘F’; SELECT price, type FROM articles, inventory WHERE articles.id = inventory.articleID;
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DISTINCT clause Allows for distinct results from columns to be returned Avoids redundancy in results
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SELECT DISTINCT description FROM articles WHERE gender = ‘M’ AND type = ‘shirt’;
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CREATE TABLE Creates table in the database Specify column names in CREATE TABLE statement NOT NULL ensures column isn’t null when entries are inserted
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CREATE TABLE articles( ‘id’ INT NOT NULL, ‘company_id’ INT NOT NULL, ‘type’ VARCHAR(45), ‘description’ VARCHAR(160), ‘size’ VARCHAR(5), ‘color’ VARCHAR(30), ‘gender’ VARCHAR(1));
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INSERT Adds entry into a table in the database Can populate as many or as few columns as you want, as long as they’re not required for insertion
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INSERT INTO articles(gender, type, color) VALUES (‘M’, ‘shirt’, ‘red’);
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UPDATE Updates column values in a table Can update certain entries, or all entries in the table at once
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UPDATE articles SET size=‘S’, color=‘blue’ WHERE Type=‘shirt’;
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DELETE Removes entries from a table Similar to “SELECT-FROM-WHERE” format Use “DROP” to delete tables
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DELETE FROM articles WHERE size=‘S’ AND color=‘blue’; DROP TABLE articles;
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Thank you Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_mana gement_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_mana gement_system http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_syntax.asp
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