1. 22-3 Particles in Solution You will be learning: 1.How to examine some solutes that break apart in water solutions to form positively and negatively charged particles. 2.To determine how some solutions conduct electricity. 3.To describe how antifreeze works.

2. Particles with a Charge Electrolytes are solutions of ions that conduct electricity in water. – NaCl is a strong electrolyte and conducts a strong electrical current. – Our nervous system is electrical and needs electrolytes to work. – Acetic acid in vinegar produces weak electrolytes. – Sports drinks have NaCl to replenish NaCl lost in sweat.

3. Ionization Ionic solutions form in two ways: – Neutral molecules are broken up so the product produces charged particles. Process is called ionization – Dissociation is the process in which an ionic solid breaks into its separate positive and negative ions.

4. Nonelectrolytes form no ions and cannot conduct electricity. – Alcohol and sucrose (sugar) – Why the nervous system shuts down when consuming alcohol

5. Effects of Solute Particles All solute particles polar/nonpolar, electrolyte/nonelectrolyte affect the physical properties of the solvent such freezing and boiling point. – Add a solute to a solvent usually lowers the freezing point of the solvent. (antifreeze) – Many times adding a solute to a solvent raises the boiling point of the solvent. (antifreeze)

6. A sodium chloride will conduct electricity. A.True B.False

7. Ions are ________ particles. CHARGED

8. Alcohol will not conduct electricity. A.True B.False