1. Cells: The Basic Unit of Life

2. History of Cell Theory
Began with the invention of the lens in the 1600s
Robert Hooke – First person to observe cells
Used cork (dead plant cells)

3. History of Cell Theory
Anton von Leeuwenhoek - First to observe living cells
Scraped his own teeth and looked at the bacteria

4. History of Cell Theory
Matthias Schleiden - Found that all plants are composed of cells
Theodore Schwann – Found that all animals are composed of cells

5. History of Cell Theory
Rudolph Virchow – Developed the theory that “all cells come from other cells”

6. Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
Cells only come from preexisting cells.

7. Two Major Types 1. Prokaryotes – no nucleus or true organelles, simple
a. Bacteria
2. Eukaryotes – nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, more complex
a. Animals
b. Plants
c. Fungi
Protists

8. Cells are composed of organelles
Basic Cell Structure
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

9. Cells are composed of organelles
Animal cells have many organelles in common with plant cells
Some organelles look and behave differently in plant cells

10. Nuclear Envelope Location: Surrounds the nucleus Function:
Membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Allows certain materials into and out of the nucleus

11. Nucleolus
Location:
Inside of the nucleus
Function:
Produces ribosomes

12. Nucleus Location: Usually the center of the cell Function:
Control center for the cell

13. Cytoplasm Location: Liquid/jello-material found throughout the cell
Function:
Keeps organelles from bumping into each other

14. Chromatin Location: Inside the nucleus Function:
Contains DNA - genetic material

15. Mitochondria Location: Found throughout the cell Function:
Produces energy for the cell. “Powerhouse of the cell” shaped like a kidney bean

16. Ribosomes
Location:
Found throughout the cell
Function:
Make proteins

17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Location:
Attached to the nucleus
Function:
Transport system of the cell. Has ribosomes attached

18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Location:
Found throughout cell
Function:
Transport system of the cell. Does not have ribosomes attached.

19. Vacuole Locaton: Small fluid filled sacs throughout the cell Function:
Hold water, waste and food. Smaller in animals than plants.

20. Golgi Apparatus Location: Found throughout the cell Function:
Series of sacs that package and release cell products.

21. Microtubules Location: Found throughout cell Function:
Long, hollow straws. Serve as the ‘skeleton’ of the cell.

22. Microfilaments Location: Found throughout cell Function:
Long, solid, threadlike strands that are involved in cell movement

23. Plasma Membrane Location: Found on the outside of the animal cell
Function:
Serves as protection for the cell. Allows certain materials into and out of the cell; ‘selectively permeable.’

24. Vesicles Location: Found throughout cell Function:
Contains material that is packaged by the Golgi apparatus. Carries substances out of the cell.

25. Lysosome Location: Found throughout cell Function:
Sacs that contain strong digestive enzymes. Also known as ‘suicide sacs.’

26. Centriole Location: Found towards the center of the cell Function:
Aids in cell division.

27. PLANT CELLS Differ from animal cells Larger Vacuole Cell Wall
Chloroplasts

28. Nuclear Envelope Location: Surrounds the nucleus Function:
Membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Allows certain materials into and out of the nucleus

29. Nucleolus
Location:
Inside of the nucleus
Function:
Produces ribosomes

30. Nucleus Location: Usually the center of the cell Function:
Control center for the cell

31. Cytoplasm Location: Liquid/jello-material found throughout the cell
Function:
Keeps organelles from bumping into each other

32. Chromatin Location: Inside the nucleus Function:
Contains DNA - genetic material

33. Mitochondria Location: Found throughout the cell Function:
Produces energy for the cell. “Powerhouse of the cell” shaped like a kidney bean

34. Ribosomes
Location:
Found throughout the cell
Function:
Make proteins

35. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Location:
Attached to the nucleus
Function:
Transport system of the cell. Has ribosomes attached

36. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Location:
Found throughout cell
Function:
Transport system of the cell. Does not have ribosomes attached.

37. Vacuole Location: Takes up a large part of the cell Function:
Very large fluid-filled structure that holds water, waste and food. Much larger in plants than animals due to Turgor Pressure.

38. Golgi Apparatus Location: Found throughout the cell Function:
Series of sacs that package and release cell products.

39. Microtubules Location: Found throughout cell Function:
Long, hollow straws. Serve as the ‘skeleton’ of the cell.

40. Microfilaments Location: Found throughout cell Function:
Long, solid, threadlike strands that are involved in cell movement

41. Plasma Membrane Location: Found on the outside of the animal cell
Function:
Serves as protection for the cell. Allows certain materials into and out of the cell; ‘selectively permeable.’

42. Cell Wall Location: Found on the outside of the cell Function:
Gives the cell protection and shape. Made of cellulose.

43. Chloroplasts Location: Found throughout cell Function:
Contains chlorophyll. Place where photosynthesis occurs; place where cell makes food.

44. Can you compare and contrast plant and animal cells?