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Boeing’s Language Understanding Engine (BLUE) and its Performance on the Shared Task Peter Clark, Phil Harrison, (Boeing Phantom Works)

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Presentation on theme: "Boeing’s Language Understanding Engine (BLUE) and its Performance on the Shared Task Peter Clark, Phil Harrison, (Boeing Phantom Works)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Boeing’s Language Understanding Engine (BLUE) and its Performance on the Shared Task Peter Clark, Phil Harrison, (Boeing Phantom Works)

2 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Predicate Argument Structure / Semantic Roles  Vocabulary of ~40 semantic relations (from UTexas)  Use small set of hand-coded SRL rules, e.g.,  IF “of”(object,material) THEN material(object,material)  Occasionally will not make an assignment “An object is thrown from a cliff.” object(throw01,object01), origin(throw01,cliff01). (5.1) “I have a problem” has-part(i01,problem01).   (4.1) “..training of dogs…” “of”(training01,dog1). 

3 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Attachment Correctness  (or structural completeness/correctness)  Use of “world knowledge” tuples to guide parsing  Frequently right, sometimes not  Occasional loss in the final logic  (5.6) "Initially it was suspected that…” “Initially” lost  (5.4) "When the gun crew was killed they were crouching unnaturally, which suggested that they knew that an explosion would happen.“ Parse but no logic out 

4 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Anaphora and Reference Resolution  “an object…the object…”  Cross-POS, “falls…the fall…”, “high…the height…”  No pronoun resolution  “lacks it” → object(lack01,it01)  Not across names “Greenslow…the farm…”  No propositional coreference  “Cancer is caused by a virus. That has been known…”  Unmentioned referent  “…a restaurant…the waiter…”     

5 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Word Sense Disambiguation  Naïve translation to WordNet (but 70% ok)  (3.1) "John went into a restaurant.“ isa(John01, John_n1), agent(go01,John01), destination(go01,restaurant01). Saint John

6 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Quantification  Treated as ground facts  “every”, “some” in initial LF, but not final logic (2.1) "Cervical cancer is caused by a virus." isa(cancer01,cancer_n1), isa(cervical01,cervical_a1), isa(virus01,virus_n1), causes(virus01,cancer01), mod(cancer01,cervical01). (“leftists” vs. “rightists”)  /

7 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Negation, Modals, Conditionals, Disjunction  Negation  Sentence polarity marked  Modals  Embedded structures  Conditionals  Disjunction // (4.5) "We would like our school to work similarly..." agent(like01,we01). object(like01,[ agent(work01,school01), manner(work01,similarly01)])    (5.2) "I am not ready yet." sentence-polarity(sentence,negative), "be"(i02,ready01).

8 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Conjunction: BLUE multiplies out coordinates (3.4) "The atmosphere was warm and friendly" "be"(atmosphere01, warm01). "be"(atmosphere01, friendly01).  (4.3) They visited places in England and France" object(visit01,place01), is-inside(place01,England01), is-inside(place01,France01).

9 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Tense and Aspect  Recorded in LF, not output in final logical form ? (4.5) "We would like our school to work similarly to the French ones..." ;;; Intermediate logical form (LF): (DECL ((VAR _X1 "we" NIL) (VAR _X2 "our" "school")) (S (WOULD) _X1 "like" _X2 (DECL ((VAR _X3 "the" (PLUR "one") (AN "French" "one") ….

10 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Plurals  Recorded in LF, not output in final logical form ? (4.5) "We would like our school to work similarly to the French ones..." ;;; Intermediate logical form (LF): (DECL ((VAR _X1 "we" NIL) (VAR _X2 "our" "school")) (S (WOULD) _X1 "like" _X2 (DECL ((VAR _X3 "the" (PLUR "one") (AN "French" "one") …. (4.2) "seven people developed" isa(person01, person_n1), agent(develop01, person01), number-of-elements(person01,7).  Collectives: use number-of-elements predicate

11 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Comparison Phrases  Will do “-er” comparatives (not in shared task)  Won’t do “similarly to” (4.5) "We would like our school to work similarly to the French ones..." agent(work01,school04), manner(work01,similarly01), destination(work01,one01),  "The cost was greater than ten dollars" isa(cost01,cost_n1), value(quantity01,[10,dollar_n1]), greater-than(cost01,quantity01). 

12 What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? Time  Tense and aspect recorded but not output  Some temporal prepositions and phrases recognized (4.4) "ensures operation until 1999" time-ends(ensure01, year1999). (5.3) "...yelled. Then the propellant exploded" next-event(yell01,explode01). (5.4) "When they were killed, they were crouching" time-at(crouch01,kill01).  (7.1) "the 1930s", (7.2) "the early 1970s", (7.4) "mid-'80s" (misparsed as an adjective), and (7.3) "the past 30 years"  But not all… 

13 Measurement Expressions (1.1) "125 m" value(height01,[125,m_n1]). Questions (1.4) "What is the duration?" query-for(duration01). What does BLUE do, and how did it fare?  5 types recognized  True/false, find value, find identity, find subtypes, how many

14 Clarity (to a naïve reader) What does BLUE do, and how did it fare? (3.1) "John went into a restaurant.“ isa(John01, John_n1), isa(restaurant01,restaurant_n1), isa(go01,go_v1), named(John01,["John"]), agent(go01,John01), destination(go01,restaurant01). (3.3) "The waiter took the order.“ isa(waiter01,waiter_n1), isa(order01,tell_v4), isa(take01,take_v1), agent(take01,waiter01), object(take01,order01).

15 Thank you!


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