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Historical Geology Lecture 11 The Proterozoic Eon
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Historical Geology IProterozoic Timeline IITectonics Overview A)Continental Growth B)Wilson Cycle Tectonics IIIPaleoproterozoic Laurentia (North America) A)Orogenies (Convergence) B)Rifting (Divergence) C)Sedimentation D)Climate IVMesoproterozoic Laurentia (North America) A)Orogenies (Convergence) B)Rifting (Divergence) C)Sedimentation D)Climate VNeoproterozoic Laurentia (North America) A)Orogenies (Convergence) B)Rifting (Divergence) C)Sedimentation D)Climate VIThe Proterozoic Outside Laurentia Outline
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon 1.0 bya 2.5 bya 1.6 bya 0.545 bya
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Tectonics Overview growing cratons lateral plate tectonic movements rifting and sea-floor spreading wide continental shelves epeiric seas
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Aggregating Cratons accretion - addition of crustal materials to continental margins aggregation – bringing together and consolidation of cratonic elements
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Early Epeiric Seas epeiric sea - a shallow sea flooding the continental craton Erikkson, et al., 1998
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Sedimentation Overview Carbonates appear Banded Iron Formations peak/disappear Red Beds Passive Margin Sedimentation
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Carbonate Sedimentation
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Banded Iron Formations
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Historical Geology The Proterozoic Eon Red Beds oxidation 4Fe + 3O 2 ---> 2Fe 2 O 3 iron + oxygen -> iron oxide hematite limonite laterite soils Red Shale Chuar Group (Grand Canyon)
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Orogenies Torngat (2.1-1.75 Ga) Taltson-Thelon (2.0-1.9 Ga) Penokean (2.0-1.8 Ga) Wopmay (1.97-1.84 Ga) Cape Smith-New Quebec (1.9-18 Ga) Trans-Hudson (1.88-1.79 Ga)
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Slave Province
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Slave Province Aulacogens Athapuscow Aulacogen Bathhurst Aulacogen Irving, et al., in press
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Slave Province - Wopmay Orogen
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province Young, 2002 Ojakangas, et al., 2001
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province - Huronian Supergroup Young, 2002 2.5 - 2.2 Ga Gowganda Formation Huronian Supergroup Gowganda Tillite
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Glaciation
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province - Animikie Group 2.2 - 1.8 Ga Young, 2002 Banded Iron Formation Animikie Group Kona Dolostone Animikie Group Ajubik Quartzite Animikie Group
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province - Penokean Orogeny
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Superior Province Cross Section
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Historical Geology Paleoproterozoic Laurentia Trans-Hudson Orogen Schwerdtner and Cote, 2001
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Events Elsonian Orogeny Yavapai Orogeny Mazatzal Orogeny Mid-Continent Rifting Grenville Orogeny Assembly of Rodinia
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Yavapai and Mazatzal Orogenies Series of orogenies ~1.8 - 1.6 Ga Vishnu Schist
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Grand Canyon Region
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Grand Canyon Region
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Mid-Continent Rift ~1.2-1.0 Ga Keweenawan Supergroup Ojakangas and Dickas, 2002
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Laurentia Grenville Orogeny
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Era Rodinia S W E A T A U S W U S
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Era Rodinia – SWEAT
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Historical Geology Mesoproterozoic Era Rodinia – AUSWUS
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Breakup of Rodinia Panthalassic Ocean (proto-Pacific) Iapetus (proto-Atlantic) Varangian Glaciation Eykes and Januszczak, in press
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Breakup of Rodinia
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Panthalassa
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Late Proterozoic Rifting Grand Canyon Supergroup
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Grand Canyon Supergroup
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Late Proterozoic Rifting Breakup of Rodinia Panthalassic Ocean (proto-Pacific) Varangian Glaciation
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Late Proterozoic Rifting
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Varangian Glaciation
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Laurentia Varangian Glaciation OXYGEN Heavy Oxygen-18 is incorporated into minerals. More Oxygen 18 during low temperatures. STRONTIUM Increased Sr86/87 ratio due to increased weathering during glaciation. CARBON 12/CARBON 13 Plants use the lighter isotope Carbon 12 in photosynthesis. The lower relative abundance of Carbon 13 means the plants were worse off (dying). Evidence in “cap” carbonates Jacobson and Kaufmann, 1999 Knoll, 2000
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Era Snowball Earth
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Era Snowball Earth
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Historical Geology Neproterozoic Era Snowball Earth
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Historical Geology The Precambrian Outside North America
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