1. Graphics taken from Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Civil War (1861-1865)

2. Rating the North & the South

3. Resources: North & the South

4. The Union (North, Blue, Yankees) President: General: Abraham LincolnUlysses S. Grant

5. Lincoln ’ s First Inaugural Address “ One section of the country believes slavery is right … while the other believes it is wrong … this is the only substantial dispute. ” “ In your hands, and not in mine is the momentous issue of civil war.

6. Advantages of the North Larger population = more soldiers More factories and shipyards Better network of railroads Raise more money to spend on the war

7. Disadvantages of the North Soldiers were poorly trained and disorganized As a volunteer army, most felt they could return home at will to tend to business Congress was slow to provide money for the war They had the burden to attack the South

8. Military Strategy Blockade the Atlantic Move down the Mississippi River Cut the South in half and squeeze them into surrender.

10. The Confederates (South, Grey, Rebels) President: General: Jefferson DavisRobert E. Lee

11. Jefferson Davis Inaugural Address The secession of the Southern states is similar to the colonists revolution against the British and justifies the “need” to secede.

12. Advantages of the South Military tradition in the south provided many skilled officers Only had to defend themselves until the North got tired of fighting Large areas of land for the North to defeat and occupy

13. Disadvantages of the South Slow to get supplies, they had to make their own since there were no factories No railroad system to transport supplies and troops Small population due to large plantations and agrarian (farming) society

14. The Confederate’s Military Strategies 1. Defend northern attacks. 2. Wear down the north and they will grow tired of fighting and the war will end.

15. Battles & Events of the Civil War (2 nd Worksheet)

16. April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter is on an island in the Charleston Harbor of South Carolina. It is a federal fort on Confederate soil. President Lincoln informs President Davis he is sending a shipment of supplies with no arms included. Davis believes otherwise and Confederate Rebel forces fire upon the fort. The next day the Union surrenders the fort, the Confederates are victorious and the Civil War begins.

17. July 16, 1861 Battle of Bull Run fought near the city of Manassas, Virginia. It was the first major land battle of the Civil War. President Lincoln sends the Union troops to attack the Confederate forces who had a strong position set up at Bull Run just northeast of Manassas. The goal being to defeat the bulk of the Confederate army, march on to the southern capital city and end the war. Communication failures among Union officers and reinforcements arriving for the Confederates led to a Confederate victory.

18. September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam was the first battle of the Civil War to take place on Northern soil in Sharpsburg, Maryland. 3 major assaults by the Union driving the Confederates over the stone bridge at Antietam Creek. Help arrives for the Confederates. The battle ends with a Union victory when Lee retreats to Virginia. It is the bloodiest one-day battle in American History with 23,000 casualties. Battle builds Union confidence and leads Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

19. January 1863 President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation is officially signed. The Proclamation (or order) freed only slaves in Confederate states that fought against the Union. It did not free slaves in the border states that were loyal to the Union. Changed the nature of the war from that of preserving the Union to freeing the slaves.

20. Emancipation in 1863

21. May – June1863 Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi. General Grant sends troops in to surround the Confederate troops and lay siege to the city. After 47 days under siege conditions, General Pemberton surrenders the Confederate troops in Vicksburg. The Union is able to gain control of the Mississippi River and effectively dividing the South in half and cutting the bulk of the South off from the food and supply lines coming from Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas.

22. Completion of the North’s Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Completion of the North’s Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

23. July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Lee heads north to Pennsylvania to lead the fighting away from battle torn Virginia and to try a second time to invade the North. Lee’s forces are repelled by the Union. The South is no longer capable of an offensive move into the north. The fate of the South is sealed.

24. Gettysburg Casualties

26. Gettysburg Address Ceremony to dedicate a national cemetery honoring those who died there. Lincoln’s speech was 2 minutes and consisted of 10 sentences Considered one of the world’s great statements on democracy and the purpose in dying –and living- for it.

27. Lincoln wins re- election in 1864

28. April 1865 Appomattox, Virginia. General Lee makes one last attempt to escape the closing Union forces and reach his supplies at Lynchburg. At dawn the Confederates advance, initially gaining ground against the Union cavalry. The arrival of Union infantry, however, stopped the advance in its tracks. Lee’s army was now surrounded on three sides. April 9, 1865 General Lee surrenders the Confederate forces to General Grant of the Union at Appomattox Court House, VA. "There is nothing left me to do but to go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths." General Robert E. Lee

29. Casualties on Both Sides

30. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars