1. Causes of War of 1812 Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815) –France and Britain engage in economic warfare –Berlin and Milan Decrees (France): restrict trade with England –Orders of Council (Great Britain): restrict trade with France Impressment of American sailors –British capture American ships (6,000 sailors seized by 1807) –Violation of “Freedom of the Seas” Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) –British kill 3 Americans, 17 injured –Public wants retaliation Failed economic warfare –Embargo Act (1807): prohibits all international trade to and from American ports –Non-Intercourse Act (1809): allowed trade with all nations except Britain and France –Macon’s Bill #2 (1810): authorized reopening of trade with Britain or France depending on who treated the U.S. properly

2. “War Hawks” in Congress –SW, elected in 1810 demand WAR against Britain and Spain –Led by John Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KY) Tecumseh and Battle of Tippecanoe –Shawnee chief unite Ohio tribes against American settlers –Americans believe British in Canada were encouraging Indian raids –Governor William Henry Harrison defeats Indians (Nov. 1811)

4. Causes of War of 1812 Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815) Impressment of American sailors Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) U.S. attempts economic warfare –Embargo Act (1807) –Non-Intercourse Act (1809) –Macon’s Bill #2 (1810)

5. President James Madison “War Hawks” in Congress Tecumseh and Battle of Tippecanoe Madison attempts diplomatic measures WAR – June 18, 1812