1. Unit 4: Building a New Nation Chapter 9: Increasing Conflict & War, 1805-1815

2. Election of 1804 Jefferson won the 1804 election
Troublesome 2nd administration

3. Neutral America Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815
U.S. encountered difficulties in trading with the British & French while they were at war with each other – faced hostilities
British were practicing impressment – forcing the enlistment of sailors into the Navy, including U.S. citizens
Angered Americans

4. Neutral America
1806 Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree to prevent Britain from trading with others
Britain responded by requiring neutral ships sailing to European ports to first stop at a British port & pay a tax
Made it difficult for neutral ships to follow laws of either nation
No immediate effect on the American economy

5. Neutral America Leopard/Chesapeake Affair (1807)
The Leopard fired upon the Chesapeake, killing 3 Americans
Americans called for war, but Jefferson decided to use diplomacy & economic sanctions to keep the U.S. out of war

6. The Hated Embargo
Jefferson thought economic pressure would force the French & British to respect U.S. rights of neutrality
Passed the Embargo Act of 1807 – forbid the export of all goods from the U.S.
Ruinous for the U.S. economy, especially in the NE & South - depression
Illegal trade network developed along the Canadian border
Repealed in 1809

7. Election of 1808
James Madison (Dem-Repub) won the 1808 election

8. Madison’s Administration
Tried to end the depression by passing the Non- Intercourse Act, which replaced the Embargo Act
Could trade with all countries except France & GB
That was replaced in 1810 with Macon’s Bill No. 2
U.S. began trading with France & continued the embargo with Britain

9. Tecumseh & “the Prophet”
Tecumseh & “the Prophet”, brothers who were Shawnee Indians, concluded that the time had come to stop the onrush of settlers in the west

10. Tecumseh & “the Prophet”
Put together a confederacy of all tribes east of the Mississippi
Aided by the British?
Some politicians, such as Indiana Gov. William Henry Harrison, viewed the Indians & British as obstacles to national destiny

11. Tecumseh & “the Prophet”
At the Battle of Tippecanoe, Harrison & his men attacked followers of the Shawnee Indians & burned their town

12. War of 1812 War Hawks voted in favor of war
Thought they could gain more land in the West
Concerned about possible relationship between British & Indians
Frustrated by British policies of impressment
Federalists opposed the war

13. Highlights of the War of 1812
Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British at the Battle of Put-in-Bay

14. Highlights of the War of 1812
The British burned Washington D.C.

15. Highlights of the War of 1812
Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner” in 1814

16. Highlights of the War of 1812
The most successful battle fought by the Americans in the war was the Battle of New Orleans, led by Andrew Jackson, which was fought after the war was over

17. Treaty of Ghent 1814 – a Tie?
Restored diplomatic relations between Britain & the U.S.
Provided for the acceptance of the status quo at the beginning of hostilities – nothing changed
Did not address the issues over which the U.S. & Britain had gone to war, such as impressment and neutral trading rights

18. Results of the War of 1812
Caused a heightened sense of nationalism – unified the nation
War heroes Andrew Jackson & William Henry Harrison emerged
Indians were forced further west
Americans gained greater industrial independence