1. The Endocrine System: Part B16
The Endocrine System: Part B

2. Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
(on dorsal aspect
of thyroid gland)
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovary (female)
Testis (male)
Figure 16.1

3. The Anatomy and Orientation of the Pituitary Gland
Figure 18.6a, b

5. Figure 16.8

6. Thyroid gland histology

7. C-cells/parafollicular cells in the thyroid

8. Pharynx (posterior aspect) Chief cells (secrete parathyroid hormone)
gland
Parathyroid
glands
Oxyphil
cells
Esophagus
Trachea
Capillary
(a)
(b)
Figure 16.11

9. Parathyroid gland

10. Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands
Superior position on kidneys
Adrenal medulla – epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal cortex - secrete aldosterone, cortisol, androgens

11. Pancreas
A triangular gland, which has both exocrine and endocrine cells, located behind the stomach
Acinar cells produce an enzyme-rich juice used for digestion (exocrine product)
Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) produce insulin and glucagon

13. Other Hormone-Producing Structures
Heart – produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which reduces blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium concentration
Gastrointestinal tract – enteroendocrine cells release local- acting digestive hormones
Placenta – releases hormones that influence the course of pregnancy
Kidneys – secrete erythropoietin, which signals the production of red blood cells
Skin – produces cholecalciferol, the precursor of vitamin D
Adipose tissue – releases leptin, which is involved in the sensation of satiety

14. Testes and Ovaries