1. Sept 10 th, 2015 Warm up #9 AGENDA 1. Warm up #9 2. Notes-Movements in the 1700s 3. Philosophers matrix HOMEWORK Pre-AP: Test Review (due Tues) Regular: Test Review (due Tues) What do you think this image is about? Write at least 3 facts/inferences about the image.

2. Social/Political Movements in the 1700’s The Great Awakening. The Enlightenment.

3. The Great Awakening Religious revival that swept through colonies Traveling preachers called on colonists to examine their lives during huge, outdoor church services Colonists felt that God could speak directly to the people, not just to preachers, kings, or those in power. People began to question the authority of their religious leaders and later, their political leaders.

4. The Enlightenment 18 th century scientific movement that used reason & logic (Scientific Method) People began to question their government leaders The concepts of the social contract, limited government, the consent of the governed, and separation of powers Desire for more self-government

5. Enlightenment Philosophers Contributions To Self-Government

6. John Locke “[Man], hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his property, that is, his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men;” “The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings capable of law, where there is no law, there is no freedom.” 2 nd Treatise on Government 1690 It is natural for people to want to protect his freedom & property from others. Laws exist to protect our God-given freedoms (inalienable rights) from being taken away (by the govt or others)

7. Thomas Hobbes An absolute Sovereign [King] is necessary… for the state of nature [time before laws]… “is worst of all, with continual fear, and danger of violent death and the life of man [without the sovereign] is, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” Leviathan 1654 People need Kings (leaders) to protect us from each other… Without government, we live in constant fear of death because men are naturally greedy & selfish

8. Charles de Montisquieu Every man in an executive position of power “is apt to abuse it, and to carry his authority as far as it will go”… Therefore, when the legislative, judicial & executive powers are united in the same person, there can be no liberty…. Because he could enact tyrannical laws, give partiality [favoritism] in judging those under the law, or execute laws in a tyrannical manner.” The Spirit of Laws 1748 Kings (officials) are eventually going to abuse their power… There is no freedom if one person has the power to make, enforce & interpret laws. He could easily make laws to benefit himself or treat his friends special.

9. Thomas Hooker “…where a people are gathered together, the word of God requires that to maintain the peace and union of such a people, there should be an orderly and decent Government established according to God, to order and dispose of the affairs of the people at all seasons as occasion shall require…” Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 A Government must set up a constitution that follows God’s laws in order for people to live in a peaceful society.

10. William Blackstone "Every new tribunal [court], erected for the decision of facts, without the intervention of a jury... is a step towards establishing aristocracy [rule by the wealthy], the most oppressive of absolute governments.“ Commentaries on Laws 1765 If we don’t have a jury of our peers involved in our courts, then only the wealthy will be ruling the government. The common people will have no say.

11. William Penn "It is great Wisdom in Princes [rulers]…, not to strain Points [laws] too high with their people. For whether the People have a Right to oppose them or not, they are ever sure to attempt it when things are carried too far;…” Charter of Liberties 1701 It is wise for Government officials to not make too many laws over the people. If they think they are being treated unfairly, they will naturally rise up to oppose (revolt)

12. What’s the Point? These thinkers ideas contributed to the and spirit of the colonists