1. 1 ITEP October 16, 2009 NICA Project Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility I.Meshkov for NICA Collaboration RFRC School-Seminar

2. 2 Contents Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA 1. Two projects- FAIR/CBM & NICA/MPD 2. NICA scheme & layout 3. Heavy ions in NICA 3.1. Operation regime and parameters 3.2. Collider 4. Polarized particle beams in NICA 5. NICA project status and nearest plans 6. RHIC – on the way to √s = 5 GeV/u Conclusion I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

3. 3 QGP formation and hydrodynamic expansion Hadronisation, hadronic phase & chemical freeze-out “Chemical freeze-out” – finish of inelastic interactions; “Kinetic freeze-out” – finish of elastic interactions. ___________________________________ *) freeze-out – here means “to get rid” Start of the collision pre-equilibrium Hadronic phase & kinetic freeze-out What is The Mixed Phase? – - a mixture of QGP & barionic matter! http://theor.jinr.ru/twiki-cgi/view/NICA/WebHome Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA Evolution of collision region in NN Interaction

4. 4 Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 The 1980 th : AGS (BNL), NA49, NA50 and CERES at SPS (CERN), STAR & PHENIX at RHIC (BNL) Coming soon: ALICE at LHC (CERN) (NA49)  NA61 (2011?) at SPS (CERN) STAR & PHENIX at RHIC (BNL)  RHIC-BES Precursors, Predecessors and Hints (Предвестники, предшественники и намёки) 1970 – Synchrophazotron (JINR): observation of dd   -jet :  E jet > 2m n c 2  first cumulative effect! (V.Sviridov, V.Stavinsky)

5. 5 http://theor.jinr.ru/twiki-cgi/view/NICA/WebHome n/n_nuclear (n_nuclear = 0.16 fm -3 ) Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA critRHIC (2009) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 stars

6. 6 Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA Киральная *) симметрия сильного взаимодействия – приближённая симметрия сильного взаимодействия относительно преобразований, меняющих чётность. (ФЭС, т.2, «Сов. Энциклопедия», 1990) *) chiral symmetry, от греч. cheir - рука I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

7. 7 Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Baryonic chemical potential [MeV] E lab  s GeV/u 5 3.60 10 4.73 30 7.75 80 12.42 RHIC (?) 158 17.36 NA49/61 (SPS) NICA & CBM  1 fm/c ~ 3∙10 -24 s

8. 8 Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Precursors, Predecessors and Hints (Contnd) NA49 & NA50 at SPS  208 Pb 82+ x 208 Pb 82+, 2x158 GeV/u Hypothesis of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) – - a “mirage” never proved been observed Nevertheless, there are all indications of a qualitatively new form of matter produced in central Au x Au collisions at RHIC! (see further)

9. 9 Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Search for The Mixed Phase psps pypy Anisotropy in momentum space Result: Elliptic flow of central fireball matter What to look for ? One has to measure the ellipticity parameter  (E total ) =  p s  /  p y 

10. 10 Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Search for The Mixed Phase (Contnd) What to look for ? Thermodynamics analog: boiling water – - a flow of bubbles fluctuates tremendously. Which fluctuations? Much more convincing: Fluctuations! They are “a sign” of the mixed phase: system becomes unstable at the two-phases stage!

11. 11 Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA Search for The Mixed Phase (Contnd) What to look for ? Pb + Pb (Au + Au) p+p R Main candidate: energy dependence of particle ratio and its fluctuations, for instance  R =  N K+  /  N  +  I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Enhanced fluctuations near The Critical Point The task: to locate the critical point using correlation/fluctuation measurements:  R =  (R -  R  ) 2  Rajagopal, Shuryak, Stephanov ss RR

12. 12 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 FAIR (Darmstadt, Germany) – Compressed Baryonic Matter 1. Two projects- FAIR/CBM & NICA/MPD SIS-300 238 U Detector Fixed target 238 U 92+ 34 GeV/u Center of mass Detector Center of mass NICA (JINR, Dubna, Russia) – MultiPurpose Detector 197 A 79+ 4.5 GeV/u 197 A 79+ 4.5 GeV/u

13. 13 ParameterSIS-300NICA Operation modeFixed targetCollider Ions 238 U 92+197 Au 79+ Max. magnetic rigidity, T∙m30045 Ion energy, GeV/u341  4.5 E total (cms)  √s, GeV/u8.24  11.0 Luminosity, 10 27 cm -2 ∙s -1 >1000.075  1.1 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 1. Two projects- FAIR/CBM & NICA/MPD (Contnd)

14. 14 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 1. Two projects- FAIR/CBM & NICA/MPD (Contnd) The NICA Project goals formulated in NICA CDR are the following: 1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197 Au 79+ x 197 Au 79+ at  s NN = 4  11 GeV (1  4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) at L average = 1  10 27 cm -2  s -1 (at  s NN = 9 GeV) 1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the energy range and luminosity 2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons: p  p   s NN = 12  25 GeV (5  12.6 GeV kinetic energy ) d  d   s NN = 4  13.8 GeV (2  5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy )

15. 15 2. NICA scheme & layout Synchrophasotron yoke Nuclotron Existing beam lines (Fixed target exp-s) Collider C = 251 m I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 “Old” linacKRION-6T & HILac Beam transfer line MPD Spin Physics Detector (SPD) 2.3 m 4.0 m Booster

16. 16 2. NICA scheme & layout (Contnd) “Old” Linac LU-20 KRION + “New” HILAC Booster Nuclotron Collider MPD SPD Beam dump I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

17. 17 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 3. Heavy ions in NICA Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×10 9 ions, acceleration up to 1  4.5 GeV/u max. Collider (45 Tm) Storage of 17 (20) bunches  1  10 9 ions per ring at 1  4.5 GeV/u, electron and/or stochastic cooling Injector: 2×10 9 ions/pulse of 197 Au 32+ at energy of 6.2 MeV/u IP-1 IP-2 Two superconducting collider rings 3.1. Operation regime and parameters Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of 2 (4-6)×10 9, acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 600 MeV/u Stripping (80%) 197 Au 32+  197 Au 79+ 2х17 (20) injection cycles Bunch compression (RF phase jump)

18. 18 StageE MeV/u  unnorm  mm  mrad  p/pl bunch m Intensity loss,% Space charge  Q Injection (after bunching on 4 th harmonics 6.2101.3E-36100.022 After cooling (h=1)1002.453.8E-47.17<100.016 At extraction6000.893.2E-43.1 0.0085 Injection (after stripping) 5940.893.4E-43.1<200.051 After acceleration35000.251.5E-42<1 0.0075 At extraction35000.251  10 -3 0.5  Loss = 40% N extr = 1E9 0.03 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) Bunch parameters dynamics in the injection chain 3.1. Operation regime and parameters I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

19. 19 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) Bunch compression in Nuclotron Phase space portraits of the bunch Bunch rotation by “RF amplitude jump” 15  120 kV , 10 deg./div E – E 0, 2 GeV/div 1 2 3.1. Operation regime and parameters A.Eliseev I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

20. 20 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) Bunch compression in Nuclotron time, 0.1 sec/div.  E_r.m.c. 200 MeV/div.  _r.m.s. 5 deg./div. (1 deg.  0.7 m)  _r.m.s. 0.5 eV  sec/div E – E 0, 2 GeV/div Phase space portraits of the bunch (RF “phase jump”  = 180 0 ) , 50 deg./div 3.1. Operation regime and parameters A.Eliseev I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

21. 21 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) Time Table of The Storage Process 2.1. Operation regime and parameters B(t), arb. units Booster magnetic field B(t), arb. units Nuclotron magnetic field t, [s] I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 electron cooling 1 (2-3) injection cycles, electron cooling (?) Extraction, stripping to 197 Au 79 + bunch compression, extraction injection 34 injection cycles to Collider rings of 1  10 9 ions 197 Au 79+ per cycle 1.7  10 10 ions/ring

22. 22 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) MPD RF I.Meshkov, O.Kozlov, V.Mikhailov, A.Sidorin, A.Smirnov, N.Topilin SPD x,y kicker 10 m Injection channels Spin rotator 3.2. Collider Upper ring Beam dump Long. kicker S_Cool PU x, y, long E_cooler I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

23. 23 Ring circumference, [m]251.52 B  max [ T  m ]45.0 Ion kinetic energy (Au79+), [GeV/u]1.0  4.56 Dipole field (max), [ T ]4.0 Quad gradient (max), [ T/m ]29.0 Number of dipoles / length24 / 3.0 m Number of vertical dipoles per ring2 x 4 Number of quads / length32 / 0.4 m Long straight sections: number / length2 x 48.0 m Short straight sections: number / length,4 x 8.8 m 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 3.2. Collider General Parameters I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

24. 24 βx_max / βy_max in FODO period, m16.8 / 15.2 Dx_max / Dy_max in FODO period, m5.9 / 0.2 βx_min / βy_min in IP, m0.5 / 0.5 Dx / Dy in IP, m0.0 / 0.0 Free space at IP (for detector)9 m Beam crossing angle at IP0 Betatron tunes Qx / Qy5.26 / 5.17 Chromaticity Q’x / Q’y-12.22 / -11.85 Transition energy,  _tr / E_tr4.95 / 3.012 GeV/u RF system harmonics amplitude, [kV] 102 100 Vacuum, [ pTorr ]100  10 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 3.2. Collider General parameters (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

25. 25 Energy, GeV/u1.03.5 Ion number per bunch1E9 Number of bunches per ring17 Rms unnormalized beam emittance,  ∙mm mrad3.80.25 Rms momentum spread1E-3 Rms bunch length, m0.3 Luminosity per one IP, cm -2 ∙s -1 0.75E261.1E27 Incoherent tune shift  Q bet 0.0560.047 Beam-beam parameter  0.00260.0051 IBS growth time, s 65050 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider General parameters (Contnd) Collider beam parameters and luminosity I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

26. 26 2) Injection and storage with barrier bucket technique and cooling of a coasting (!) beam, 20 bunches, bunch number is limited by interbunch space in IP straight section, bunch compression in Nuclotron is NOT required (!) Electron and/or stochastic cooling for storage and luminosity preservation, bunch formation after storage are required. 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) Two injection schemes are considered: 1) bunch by bunch injection, 17 bunches: bunch number is limited by kicker pulse duration, bunch compression in Nuclotron is required (!) Electron and/or stochastic cooling is used for luminosity preservation. 2.2. Collider (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

27. 27 Revolution period V(t) Stack phase Cavity voltage (  p) ion Injected bunch Phase domain 22 0 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider (Contnd) Barrier Bucket Method Revolution period V(t) time Cavity voltage Time domain Ion storage with “barrier bucket” (BB) method: Periodic voltage pulses applied to a low quality cavity (“meander”) when stochastic or electron cooling is ON. I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

28. 28 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider (Contnd) Barrier Bucket Method Particle motion in “the phase domain” Cavity voltage phase (  p) ion Phase domain 22 V(t) 0 Separatrix: At  BB = 2 the Formula coincides with that one for harmonic RF I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

29. 29 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 3.2. Collider (Contnd) Ion trajectory in the phase space (  p,  ) 22 V(t) Cavity voltage (  p) ion   _stack 0 Barrier Bucket Method (Contnd) Stack NICA: T revolution = 0.85  0.96  s, V BB  16 kV The method was tested experimentally at ESR (GSI) with electron cooling (2008).  p  (  p) separatrix Unstable phase area (injection area) In reality RF voltage pulses can be (and are actually) of nonrectangular shape Cooling is ON I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

30. 30  _ norm(E) [  ∙mm∙ mrad] 10 1.0 0.1 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 E, GeV/u 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 E, GeV/u N_ion/bunch vs Energy [1E9] ! I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 3.2. Collider (Contnd) Collider luminosity vs Ion Energy Two outmost cases at  Q Lasslett = Const : 1) L(E) = Const  ; 2) N ion (E) = Const . 10 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 E, GeV/u L(E) [1E27 cm -2 ∙s -1 ]

31. 31 B [kG] 8 6 4 2 T e  = 10 eV 2. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 2.2. Collider (Contnd) BETACOOL simulation Parameters ion beam: 197 Au 79+ at 3.5 GeV/u,  initial =0.5  ∙mm∙mrad, (  p/p) = 1∙10 -3 electron beam: I e = 0.5 A, r e = 2 mm, T e|| = 5 meV;  = 0.024 (6 m/250 m) IBS Heating and cooling – luminosity evolution at electron cooling 6 Luminosity [1E27 cm -2 ∙s -1 ] 4 2 0 I.Meshkov, Status of NICA Project VIII Sarantsev Seminar Alushta, September 1, 2009 Conclusion: Electron magnetization is much more preferable !

32. 32 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 3.2. Collider: electron cloud effect Electron cloud effect

33. 33 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) 3.2. Collider: electron cloud effect Electron cloud formation criteria The necessary condition: The sufficient condition (“multipactor effect”): Here  c is ion velocity, Z – ion charge number, b – vacuum chamber radius, r e – electron classic radius, l space – distance between bunches, m e – electron mass, c – the speed of light,  crit ~ 1 keV – electron energy sufficient for secondary electron generation. For NICA parameters ( 197 Au 79+ ions) (N bunch ) necessary ~ 7  10 8, (N bunch ) sufficient ~ 6  10 9. I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

34. 34 3. Heavy ions in NICA (Contnd) What is “old” and what is new? 3.2. Collider: the problems to be solved  Collider SC dipoles with max B up to 4 T,  Lattice and working point “flexibility”,  RF parameters (related problem),  Single bunch stability,  Vacuum chamber impedance and multibunch stability,  Stochastic cooling of bunched ion beam,  Electron cooling at electron energy up to 2.5 MeV I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

35. 35 4. Polarized particle beams in NICA Longitudinal polarization formation MPD Yu.Filatov, I.Meshkov I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 B B Upper ring SPD Spin rotator: “Full Siberian snake” “Siberian snake” : Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL) solenoid  50 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL) solenoid  140 T∙m

36. 36 4. Polarized particle beams in NICA (Contnd) Longitudinal polarization formation (Contnd) MPD SPD B Lower ring “Full Siberian snake” I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

37. 37 From Nuclotron S 4. Polarized particle beams in NICA (Contnd) Spin rotator B Polarized particle beams  injection   ~ 90 0 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL) dipole  3 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL) dipole  5.8 T∙m

38. 38 Energy, GeV512 Proton number per bunch6E101.5E10 Rms relative momentum spread10E-3 Rms bunch length, m1.70.8 Rms (unnormalized) emittance,  mm  mrad0.240.027 Beta-function in the IP, m0.5 Lasslet tune shift0.00740.0033 Beam-beam parameter0.005 Number of bunches10 Luminosity, cm -2∙ s -1 1.1E30 4. Polarized particle beams in NICA (Contnd) Parameters of polarized proton beams in collider I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

39. 39 Type of resonance Resonance condition Number of resonances at acceleration p  0 – 12 GeV d  0 – 6 GeV/u 1.Intrinsic res.Q s = kp  Q z 60 2.Integer res.Q s = k251 (5.6 GeV/u) 3.NonsuperperiodicQ s = m  Q z, m  kp442 4.Coupling res.Q s = m  Q x 492 4. Polarized particle beams in NICA (Contnd) Polarized particle acceleration in Nuclotron: Spin resonances Q – betatron and spin precession tunes, k, m – integers, p – number of superperiods (8 for Nuclotron) Power of the Spin resonances: P 1,2 ~ 10 3 ∙P 3,4 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

40. 40 y s x y y s y s x y t Q s - Q res Spin tune dynamics Protons, 12 GeV,  Q ~ 0.01,  t = 50  s  x ~ 0.2, B x L x = 0.18 T∙m,  y ~ 0.2, B s ∙L s = 4.7 T∙m,  x -  y -2 ∙  x  y  x  Q S =  x ∙  y /2  per 1 turn 4. Polarized particle beams in NICA (Contnd) Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron: Crossing of spin resonances BxBx BsBs BsBs BxBx BxBx Fast spin rotator x y s Yu.Filatov I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

41. 41 5. NICA project status and plans January 2008 NICA CDR MPD LoI Conceptual Design Report of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) (Short version) January 2009 NICA CDR (Short version) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

42. 42 5. NICA project status and plans (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Ускорительно-накопительный комплекс NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) Технический проект Том I Дубна, 2009 Ускорительно-накопительный комплекс NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) Технический проект Том II Дубна, 2009 August 2009 NICA TDR (volumes I & II)

43. 43 5. NICA project status and plans (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Approved by Director of JINR academician A.N.Sisakian ____________________ Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) "____ " 2009 г. Technical Design Report Project leaders: A.Sisakian,A.Sorin TDR has been developed by the NICA collaborationp: JINR Physicists and engineers: N.Agapov, E.Ahmanova, V.Alexandrov, A.Alfeev, O.Brovko, A.Butenko, E.D.Donets, E.E.Donets, A.Eliseev, A.Govorov, I.Issinsky, E.Ivanov, V.Karpinsky, V.Kekelidze, G.Khodzhibagiyan, A.Kobets, V.Kobets, A.Kovalenko, O.Kozlov, A.Kuznetsov, V.Mikhailov, V.Monchinsky, A.Sidorin, A.Smirnov, A.Olchevsky, R.Pivin, Yu.Potrebennikov, A.Rudakov, A.Smirnov, G.Trubnikov, V.Shevtsov, B.-R.Vasilishin, V.Volkov, S.Yakovenko, V.Zhabitsky Designers: V.Agapova, G.Berezin, V.Borisov, V.Bykovsky, A.Bychkov, T.Volobueva, E.Voronina, S.Kukarnikov, T.Prakhova, S.Rabtsun, G.Titova, Yu.Tumanova, A.Shabunov, V.Shokin IHEP, Protvino O.Belyaev, Yu.Budanov, S.Ivanov, A.Maltsev, I.Zvonarev, INR RAS, Troitsk V.Matveev, A.Belov, L.Kravchuk Budker INP, Novosibirsk V.Arbuzov, Yu.Biriuchevsky, S.Krutikhin, G.Kurkin, B.Persov, V.Petrov, A.Pilan Chief engineer of the Project V.Kalagin, Chief designer of the Project N.Topilin Editors: I.Meshkov, A.Sidorin

44. 44 5. NICA project status and plans (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Since publication of the 1-st version of the NICA CDR The Concept was developed, the volumes I and II of the TDR have been completed: Volume I – Part 1, General description Part 2, Injector complex Volume II – Part 3, Booster-Synchrotron A brief review of the Project, its status and plans of realization are presented here.

45. 45

46. 46 HILAC – Heavy ion linac RFQ + Drift Tube Linac (DTL), under design and construction (O.Belyaev & the Team, IHEP, Protvino). 5. NICA project status and plans 5.1. Injector KRION - Cryogenic ion source of “electron-string” type developed by E.Donets group at JINR. It is aimed to generation of heavy multicharged ions (e.g. 197 Au 32+ ). RFQ Electrodes 2H cavities of "Ural" RFQ (prototype) Sector H-cavity of “Ural” RFQ DTL (prototype) E.D.Donets E.E.Donets I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 To be commissioned in 2013. KRION-6T Cryostat & vac. chamber To be commissioned in 2013.

47. 47 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster Superconducting Booster in the magnet yoke of The Synchrophasotron Synchrophasotron yoke B  = 25 T  m, B max = 1.8 T 1)3 single-turn injections 2) Storage and electron cooling of 8×10 9 197 Au 32+ 3) Acceleration up to 440 MeV/u 4) Extraction & stripping A.Butenko V.Mikhailov G.Khodjibagiyan N.Topilin Nuclotron Booster “Nuclotron-type” SC magnets for Booster 2.3 m 4.0 m Vladimir I. Veksler Dismounting is in progress presently To be commissioned in 2013. I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

48. 48 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

49. 49 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) 2.3 m 4.0 m Heavy ion Linac Beam injection Slow extraction Fast extraction Transfer to Nuclotron RF system Electron cooling system Experimental area bld. 1 B I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

50. 50 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) Booster parameters Circumference214 m Max B  27 T·m Lattice typeFODO Superperiods4 Periods24 Strait sections2 x 8,6 m Dipol magnets40 x 2 m Maximum dipole field 1,8 T Quadrupole magnets 48 x 0.4 m Vacuum10 -11 Torr I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

51. 51 Working point~ 5.8 / 5.85 Chromaticity-6.5  p/p (max/min) 1E–3 / 8E–4 Norm. emittance 1  ·mm·mrad Beta function (max) 14.5 m 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) Booster superperiod lattice functions I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Booster FODO lattice

52. 52 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Ring equipment

53. 53 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) Injection & extraction Injection scheme Injection pulses FirstSecond Third Closed orbit displacement t Three pulses of single turn injection I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 Extraction scheme

54. 54 Vacuum system equipment Varian TriScroll 300 pumps 42 Pfeiffer TMU 071 YP DN63 CF HV pumps 28 Pfeiffer TMU 521 YP DN160 CF HV pumps 14 Ion pumps 80l/s6 IKR 060, DN40 CF36 Pirani gauge6 HV valves CE44 DN63 & DN160 70 Vacuum, Torr1E-11 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) Vacuum system I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

55. 55 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster (Contnd) SC hollow cable I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 SC magnet technology

56. 56 4. NICA project status and plans 4.2. Booster (Contnd) Main Power Supply system Main power supply unit: Maximum current 12 kA Voltage 250 V I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

57. 57 RF system parameters Frequency range,MHz 0.6  2.4 Maximum voltage amplitude, kV 10 Number of cavities 2 Cavity length, m 1.4 RF tube type EIMAC 4XC15.000A 4. NICA project status and plans 4.2. Booster (Contnd) RF system (designed by Budker INP) I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

58. 58 4. NICA project status and plans 4.2. Booster (Contnd) electron gun collector cryogenic shield superconducting solenoids “warm” solenoids E.Ahmanova, I.Meshkov, A.Smirnov, N.Topilin, Yu.Tumanova, S.Yakovenko Electron cooling system of the Booster I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

59. 59 5. NICA project status and plans 5.2. Booster Contnd) Electron cooling system of the Booster (Contnd) e-gun e-collector I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

60. 60 To be commissioned in 2013. 5. NICA project status and plans 5.3. Nuclotron-NICA To be designed, constructed and commissioned: 1.Injection system (new HILAC) 2.RF system – new version with bunch compression 3.Dedicated diagnostics 4.Single turn extraction with fine synchronization 5.Polarized protons acceleration in Nuclotron G.Trubnikov & the Team I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009

61. 61 5. NICA project status and plans 5.4. Collider “Twin magnets” for NICA collider rings “Twin” dipoles “Twin” quadrupoles 1 – Cos  coils, 2 – “collars”, 3 – He header, 4 – iron yoke, 5 – thermoshield, 6 – outer jacket Double ring collider; (B  ) max = 45 T  m, B max = 4 T A.Kovalenko G.Khodjibagiyan I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 To be commissioned in 2014.

62. 62 Under development in collaboration with - All-Russian Institute for Electrotechnique (Moscow) - FZ Juelich - Budker INP I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 5. NICA project status and plans 5.4. Collider Electron cooling system of the Collider Max electron energy, MeV 2.5 Max electron current, A 0.5 Solenoid magnetic field, T 0.3 “Magnetized” electron beam Solenoid type: “warm” at acceleration columns superconducting at transportation and cooling sections HV generator: Dynamitron type I.Meshkov A.Smirnov S.Yakovenko 6 m 3 m To be commissioned in 2014.

63. 63 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 5. NICA project status and plans 5.5. “Collider 2T” V.Kalagin I.Meshkov V.Mikhailov G.Trubnikov MPD SPD 25 m G.Khodgibagiyan Collider: C_Ring 380 м Dipoles 2 Тл Luminosity? From Nuclotron “The ambush regiment”

64. 64 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 GSI/FAIR SC dipoles for Booster/SIS-100 SC dipoles for Collider 5. NICA project status and plans 5.5. NICA Collaboration Budker INP Booster RF system Booster electron cooling Collider RF system Collider SC magnets (expertise) HV electron cooler for collider Electronics (?) IHEP (Protvino) I njector Linac FZ Jűlich (IKP) HV Electron cooler Stoch. cooling Fermilab HV Electron cooler Stoch. cooling All-Russian Institute for Electrotechnique HV Electron cooler Corporation “Powder Metallurgy” (Minsk, Belorussia): Technology of TiN coating of vacuum chamber walls for reduction of secondary emission BNL (RHIC) Electron & Stoch. Cooling ITEP: Beam dynamics in the collider GSI/JINR/BNL 2005 - 2009 Round Table Discussions I, II, III, IV JINR, Dubna, 2005, 2006, 2008 http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2008/roundtable/

65. 65 Colliding particles Heavy ions Protons Particle energy, GeV/u 100250 √s, GeV/u202502 Luminosity (cm  2 sec  1 ) 2E26 (Au 79+ ) 1E31 Bunch number112? Orbit length, m3834 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 6. RHIC – on the way to √s = 5 GeV/u Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Standard parameters Colliding particles Au 79+ x Au 79+ Energy range, GeV/u 1.6  9.1 √s, GeV/u5  20 critRHIC or “Low-energy RHIC” (since 2007) critRHIC  RHIC-BES (2009) BES = Barion Energy Scan

66. 66 I.Meshkov, NICA Project RFRC School-Seminar October 16, 2009 6. RHIC – on the way to √s = 5 GeV/u (Contnd) RHIC-BES” Stochastic cooling?  A big question   too intense and bunched beams! Electron cooling?  High Energy electron cooling: 0.9  5 MeV E-Cooler at Femilab 4.34 MeV x 0.5 A DC current 9 m RHIC e-cooler Schedule: commissioning in 2013 Budget: $ 5M (not funded yet!) Problems: Low emittance formation IBS and Luminosity preservation Cooling  Stochastic cooling? Electron cooling? ?

67. 67 I.Meshkov, NICA Project Status ANKE/PAX Workshop Dubna, June 22-26, 2009 NICA = “Go and win!” (Greek)Thank you for your attention!