1. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 1 Areas for TV whitespace standardization IEEE 802 ECSG on TV Whitespace Date: 2009-01-21 Authors: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chairhttp://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf Carl R. StevensonCarl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at patcom@iee.org.patcom@iee.org > NameCompanyAddressPhoneEmail Matthew Sherman BAE Systems Wayne, NJ973-633-6344Matthew.sherman@baesyste ms.com

2. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 2 Abstract This presentation considers what standards would be useful for TV white space systems It reviews what standardization and related activities already exist It recommends additional standardization activities within IEEE 802 It recommends fostering additional standardization activities outside of IEEE 802

3. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 3 What is a cognitive radio? Definition depends on who you ask –Dr. Joseph Mitola III first coined the term –FCC has definition –ITU has definition –SDR forum defines –IEEE USA defines –IEEE P1900.1 defines differently –IEEE 802.22 doesn’t define… For argument sake use FCC definition as –paragraph 10 of the FCC 03-322 NPRM –A radio that can change its transmitter parameters based on interaction with the environment in which it operates

4. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 4 Focus today is dynamic spectrum access (DSA) for Whitespace CR activities today fall short of original definition Focus is on dynamic spectrum access –Critical need exists to optimize spectrum usage –First application of CR concepts Radios practicing DSA are available today! (Test conducted in the rural sector west of Ottawa, Canada)* White space *- C. R. Stevenson, G. Chouinard, W. Caldwell,Tutorial on the P802.22.2 PAR for :“Recommended Practice for the Installation and Deployment of IEEE 802.22 Systems,” IEEE802, San Diego, CA, 7/17/06 http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/802_tutorials/july06/Rec-Practice_802.22_Tutorial.ppt

5. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 5 Is this definition broad enough? Today prefer to think in terms of ‘cognitive systems’ rather that ‘cognitive radio’ –Often the smarts aren’t in the radio Want to think ‘end-to-end’ for radio applications and network management –Define all cognitive mechanisms that make sense Don’t just limit to PHY and MAC Don’t limit to DSA

6. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 6 Reconfigurable radio(s) Sensing Configuration Database Learning and reasoning Registration Database Policy Database Incumbent Database Local ResourcesRemote Resources Cognitive Radio System

7. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 7 Regulatory bodies are requiring CR/DSA technology The FCC released its R&O for TV Whitespace on November 4, 2008 allowing unlicensed radio transmitters to operate in the broadcast television spectrum at locations where that spectrum is not being used given they use CR / DSA capabilities Other regulatory bodies considering CR/DSA –International Telecommunication Union (ITU) –European Radio Spectrum Policy Group (ERSPG) –U.K. Ofcom (consultation on DySPAN) –Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC) Standards are required if CR/DSA technology is to be applied in a multi-vendor environment!

8. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 8 Evolution of IEEE Cognitive Standards Increasing levels of “Cognition” 1995200020102005 802.15.2-2003 802.15.4-2003 802.11h-2003 802.16a-2003 802.16.2-2004802.16.2-2001 802.22 802.16h P1900.1 P1900.2 802.11y P1900.4 Coexistence Dynamic frequency selection and power control Cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum Access Development of standard Completion of standard.

9. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 9 Some relevant CR/DSA activities (Aside from IEEE 802 and SCC 41) Software Defined Radio Forum (SDR Forum) –Technical committee on cognitive radio –http://www.sdrforum.org/pages/committeesAndGroups/techCommittee.asphttp://www.sdrforum.org/pages/committeesAndGroups/techCommittee.asp –Also goups on secondary spectrum access testing, meta-language for mobility work, and possibly security –http://www.sdrforum.org/pages/aboutTheForum/currentProjects.asphttp://www.sdrforum.org/pages/aboutTheForum/currentProjects.asp European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) –Technical Committee on Reconfigurable Radio Systems (TC RRS) –http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/Standards/Standard.aspxhttp://www.etsi.org/WebSite/Standards/Standard.aspx Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) –WG6: Cognitive wireless networks and systems –http://www.wireless-world-research.org/index.php?id=95http://www.wireless-world-research.org/index.php?id=95 International Telecommunications Union – Radio Sector (ITU-R) –ITU-R Working Parties (WP) 1B, 5A, 8A, and 8F (cellular and fixed) –http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/study-groups/docs/rwp5a-RESOLUTION%5bCOM6-18%5d.dochttp://www.itu.int/ITU-R/study-groups/docs/rwp5a-RESOLUTION%5bCOM6-18%5d.doc –http://www.itu.int/publ/R-QUE-SG05.241/enhttp://www.itu.int/publ/R-QUE-SG05.241/en IEEE Technical Committee on Cognitive Networks (TCCN) –http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/tccn/http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/tccn/ EU End to End Efficiency Project (E3) –https://ict-e3.eu/project/overview/overview.htmlhttps://ict-e3.eu/project/overview/overview.html Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communications engineers (IEICE) –http://www.ieice.org/eng/index.htmlhttp://www.ieice.org/eng/index.html

10. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 10 Consensus Standards CR/DSA activities impacting TV Whitespace* ITU-R WP 1B, 5A, … IEEE SCC41 1900.1, 1900.2, 1900.4, 1900.5, 1900.6 IEEE 802 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 802.18, 802.19, 802.20, 802.21, 802.22 ETSI TC RRS Regulatory FCC ITU WRC OFCOM ERSPG MIC IEEE TCCN WWRF WG6 Technical Pubs White Papers Research Bodies IEICEE3 ARIB SDR Forum CRWG COGNET Trade Associations * Based on inputs from Joanna Juenin, Motorola

11. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 11 Applications

12. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 12 Applications (From Use Case group)? Fixed broadband access (rural) Home Networking Nomadic / Portable –Meter reading Public Safety

13. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 13 Possible New 802 Whitespace Standards Alternate PHY for TV bands (802.11, 802.15) Cognitive Plane (802.11, 802.15, new WG?) –Security function –Policy interface –Geo-location Interface –Incumbent sensing –TVBD sensing Cognitive media handoff (802.21) End to End recommended Practice (802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 802.22) Common beaconing protocol (new WG?)

14. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 14 Work to be considered outside IEEE 802* Policy languages –Used for describing what (cognitive) behaviors are permitted/desirable –802 should discuss whether P1900.5's charter & plans can meet their needs –What are requirements seen by 802's members for TV whitespace needs –More than a "policy interface" is needed more sophisticated/challenging than an API Database interaction protocols and languages –for registering and learning about emitters and behaviors –evolution to other services in the future, including spectrum brokering known in the CR community as a "radio environment map" Common beaconing protocol –Cognitive Pilot Channel work is already moving forward with one solution (ITU) –Can 802 leverage the CPC approach; particularly for personal portable devices –Also "beaconing" methods that don't involve over-the-air transmission, e.g. registry in a local database Coexistence and fair sharing protocols –Standards are needed to assure that all secondary users who are "here“ can coexistence and share the resource fairly e.g. ways of negotiating power levels, responding to interference that arises, allocating bandwidth –May or may not include common MAC/PHY for doing this over the air –Many involve work with other SDOs… * Based on inputs from John Chapin, MIT

15. doc.: IEEE 802.WS-09/0015r0 Submission January 2009 Matthew Sherman, BAE SystemsSlide 15 A key issue Can 802 move fast enough to address end-to-end Whitespace standardization? –Trade Organizations move faster? –Entity vs Individual balloting?