1. Forces and Bond Energy Practice

2. How does the freezing point of water change? 20 g of CaCl 2 is added to water 150 mL of water. The Kf for water is 1.86 °C/m. What is the new freezing point of water? Critical Thinking: CaCl 2 can disrupt living things. Organic (molecular) solutes tend to be less harmful to the environment. If you switched CaCl 2 for a molecular solvent, what would be the consequence? How could you compensate so that using a molecular solvent could have the same effect?

3. Which of the following does not fit? Why? A. Hydrogen bonding B. Ionic bonding C. Dispersion forces D. Ion-dipole interaction

4. Which of the following is the weakest intramolecular force? A. Metallic bonding B. Ionic bonding C. Polar covalent bonding D. Hydrogen bonding

5. Draw the structural formulas for nitrogen gas and nitrogen trichloride Identify their VESPR shape. Identify their bond polarity and overall polarity. Which one is more likely to be liquid at room temperature? Why?

6. Bond energy practice Calculate bond energy. Identify if the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.