1. Chapter 1 A Preview of the Cell

2. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (1665), English microscopist (Curator of the Royal Society) –Cellula ： little room (30X) Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1665-1675), Dutch seller of clothes & buttons –he ground lenses & made microscopes of remarkable quality (300X) –First to observe the living cells Blood cells 、 sperm cells 、 bacteria 、 algae and protozoa

3. Cell Theory Schwann in 1839 –All organisms consist of one or more cells –The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms. Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist (1855) –All cells arise only from preexisting cells

4. The Emergence of Modern Cell Biology The cytological strand deals with cellular structure. The biochemical strand covers the chemistry of biological structure and function The genetic strand focuses on information flow.

5. The cytological strand deals with cellular structure The light microscope Visualization of living cells The electron microscope

6. The Light Microscope many types –bright-field microscope ( 亮視野 ) –dark-field microscope ( 暗視野 ) –phase-contrast microscope ( 相位差 ) –fluorescence microscopes ( 螢光 ) are compound microscopes ( 複式 ) –image formed by action of  2 lenses

7. Differential Interference Contrast Microsocopy 分散干擾位差顯微鏡 DIC ：應用折射率不同的原理 – 使用兩束光 – 菱鏡使每束光散裂，因而增加標本 之對比

8. Electron Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscope Transmission electron microscopy

9. Confocal Microscopy confocal scanning laser microscope laser beam used to illuminate spots on specimen computer compiles images created from each point to generate a 3-dimensional image

10. The biochemical strand covers the chemistry of biological structure and function Subcellular fractionation –Ultracentrifuge Chromatography( 層析儀 ) Electophoresis ( 電泳 ) Mass spectrometry ( 質譜儀 ) –Proteomics

11. The genetic strand focuses on information flow Chromosomes DNA sequencing Bioinformatics