2. Cell Structure & Function ROBERT PERRY - MALIBU HIGH SCHOOL title CELL

3. Nuclear envelope Nuclear pore Chromatin Nucleolus Rough ER Ribosomes Plasma membrane Smooth ER Cilia Golgi Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Microtubules Microfilaments Centrioles Exosome Exocytosis Peroxisome Polyribosomes Endocytosis Endosome Cristae Flagellum Kinetosome Vesicle Nucleoplasm

4. NUCLEUS CYTO- SKELETON

5. the NUCLEUS

6. Nuclear envelope Chromatin Nucleolus Mitochondria !! Rough ER www.denniskunkel.com

7. CENTRIOLES

8. nucleus

9. Like Cilia and Flagella, Centrioles are also made of microtubules. The difference is that they contain 9 sets of triplets and no doublet in the center. How the triplets in the basal body turn into the cilium doublet remains a mystery. Centrioles come in pairs, each organized at right angles to the other. Centrioles organize the spindle apparatus on which the chromosomes move during mitosis. source: http://cellbio.utmb.edu/CELLBIO/cilia.htm Image: http://www.edu.ipa.go.jp/ chiyo/HuBEd/HTML1/en/3D/cell.html

10. KINETOSOME

11. c = cilia Kinetosomes, also known as basal bodies, are specialized centrioles found at the base of both cilia and flagella. They help with the movement and growth of cilia and flagella. bb = kinetosomes

12. cilia

14. Ciliated epithelium in human trachea Ciliated marine protist Cilia are used to move fluids. Protists use them to swim or to create feeding currents. Multicelled animals use them to move the mucous out of the nasal passages.

15. FLAGELLUM kinetosome

16. What is a flagellum? Many single-celled organisms use so called flagella (also named undulipodia) for swimming. These are whip-like structures that act like a propeller. Some groups have one, others have two. Shown here is a photosynthetic flagellate protozoan: Euglena, and a common marine dinoflagellate, Noctiluca. Illustration © Lizzie Harper FLAGELLA Euglena Noctiluca

17. Zoospores of the fungus Blastocladiella emersonii viewed by phase-contrast microscopy. Human sperm cell showing flagella, enlarged to show longitudinal section with rows of mitochondria.

19. CYTOSKELETON micro- filaments micro- tubules

20. C Y T O S K E L E T O N (nucleus) microtubules microfilaments

21. intermediate filaments micro- filaments micro- tubules 3 Components of the Cytoskeleton

22. G ER L

23. the G E R L N ER G L Exosome

25. two ribosomal subunits: large subunit small subunit

26. PROTEINS ARE SYNTHESIZED BY THE RIBOSOMES The subject of a separate lesson

27. N ER

29. SER

31. G RER

34. G L

35. such as ENZYMES flow Golgi apparatus

36. The G E R L N ER G L

37. MITOCHONDRION

38. The MIGHTY MITOCHONDRION The subject of a separate lesson

39. INNER MEMBRANE PROTEINS (ENZYMES) INNER MATRIX OUTER MEMBRANE ATP CRISTAE

40. Mitochondrion ! mitoribosomes

41. …reminds us of another process we studied this year: BACTERIAL FISSION

42. CHLOROPLAST

43. The MIGHTY CHLOROPLAST The subject of a separate lesson

44. (in) (out) transport vesicle cytoplasm Endo- Exdo- Kinetosome Vacuole T H E E N D T H E E N D