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Exam #4 W 4/23 in class (bring cheat sheet) Review T 4/22 at 5pm in PAI 3.02
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Ecology: We are all connected and interdependent
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CB 52.12 Carrying Capacity exponential growth stationary phase
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Wolves in Yellowstone National Park
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Yellowstone National Park
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The last wolves in Yellowstone (1920’s)
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Wolves commonly live in packs
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SocialvsSolo Packs can kill larger prey
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Packs give protection and ability to get more food, but also mean sharing food, reduced chance of reproduction, and increased chance of diseases.
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Wolves are very territorial and will kill intruders
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Wolves were re-introduced to Yellowstone in 1995
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Wolf relocation
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“hard” release: directly to new location In Yellowstone used“soft” release: Kept in 1 acre pens to acclimate to new environment
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Wolves were re-introduced to Yellowstone in 1995
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http://www.forwolves.org/ralph/historical.html Yellowstone area wolf packs 2004
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Wolf deaths 1995-2005 38 deaths= 33%
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Currently about 300 wolves 2003- 137 sheep and 66 cattle = $32,000 2004- 209 sheep, 57 cattle, and 6 other animals = $70,000 The cost of wolves in Yellowstone NP:
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Estimate millions of dollars in increased visitors
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Predator-predator interactions
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CB 55.12 Yellowstone Grizzly Bear population increases
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Wolves are decreasing the elk population
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Benefits of decreasing herbivore populations
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Increased Riparian Habitat
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Fig 2 Increased Riparian Habitat
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Fig 2 Increased Riparian Habitat
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Fig 3 Increased Riparian Habitat
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Fig 5 Are wolves responsible? year 1998 1999 2000 2001
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Fig 6 Protection vs herbivory gully depth vs browsing
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The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone NP has had numerous positive benefits.
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The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone NP has had numerous positive benefits: More food available for other carnivores
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Fig 3 The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone NP has had numerous positive benefits: Increased Riparian Habitat
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Exam #4 W 4/23 in class (bring cheat sheet) Review T 4/22 at 5pm in PAI 3.02
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