1. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING CONNECTIONS GREGORY J. FEIST ERIKA L. ROSENBERG

2. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Intelligence, Problem-Solving, and Creativity Chapter Ten

3. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Intelligence

4. Defining Intelligence Set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge Set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge

5. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Theories of Intelligence Intelligence as multiple abilities Intelligence as multiple abilities –Raymond Cattell –Multiple-factor theory of intelligence Fluid intelligence Fluid intelligence –Raw mental ability Crystallized intelligence Crystallized intelligence –Knowledge from experience, learning, education, and practice

6. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Theories of Intelligence Intelligence as multiple abilities Intelligence as multiple abilities –John Carroll (1993) General intelligence General intelligence Broad intelligence Broad intelligence Narrow intelligence Narrow intelligence

7. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Theories of Intelligence Intelligence as multiple abilities Intelligence as multiple abilities –Robert Sternberg –Triarchic theory of intelligence Includes analytic, creative, and practical intelligence Includes analytic, creative, and practical intelligence

8. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Theories of Intelligence Intelligence as multiple abilities Intelligence as multiple abilities –Howard Gardner –Eight capacities

9. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Measures of Intelligence Reliability Reliability –Consistency of a measurement Validity Validity –Degree to which a test accurately measures what is purports to measure Construct validity Construct validity Predictive validity Predictive validity

10. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extremes of Intelligence

11. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extremes of Intelligence Mental retardation Mental retardation –Significant limitations in intellectual functioning –I.Q. of 70 or below –Adaptive behavior –Down syndrome

12. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Extremes of Intelligence Giftedness Giftedness –High end of the intelligence spectrum –IQ of 130-140 or above Prodigy Prodigy Savant syndrome Savant syndrome

13. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Problem Solving

14. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Types of Problems Convergent thinking problems Convergent thinking problems –Have known solutions –Require analytical thinking Divergent thinking problems Divergent thinking problems –Have no known solutions –Require novel solutions

15. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Creativity

16. What is Creativity? Thinking and/or behavior that is both novel-original and useful-adaptive Thinking and/or behavior that is both novel-original and useful-adaptive

17. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Genius, Intelligence, and Creativity Genius is closely related to creativity in that it combines high intelligence with achievements that change entire fields such as art, technology, music, science, and business Genius is closely related to creativity in that it combines high intelligence with achievements that change entire fields such as art, technology, music, science, and business

18. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Creativity and the Brain Creative insight and the Right Hemisphere Creative insight and the Right Hemisphere –Insights occur more in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere

19. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Creativity and Balanced Activity Between the Hemispheres Creative people solving creative problems show more balanced activity between their right and left frontal lobes than less than creative people Creative people solving creative problems show more balanced activity between their right and left frontal lobes than less than creative people

20. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Cognitive Processes in Creative Thinking Ideational fluency Ideational fluency –Ability to produce many ideas Flexibility of thought Flexibility of thought –Ability to come up with many different categories of ideas and think of other responses besides the obvious

21. Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Creative Personality Personality traits shared by creative artists and scientists Personality traits shared by creative artists and scientists