1. Conservation Targets To split or to lump? That is the question.

2. Key points to introduce this step Importance of step Linkage with Ecoregional Assessment SCALE - spatial & biological Coarse-filter (nested targets) and fine-filter approach Iterative nature Project boundary based on targets

3. Critical questions to ask Do they have the common ecological systems? Do the species targets warrant target status or are they indicators? Do you see any targets that are not of critical importance? To lump or to split, that is the question.

4. “To lump or to split? That is the question” If you save the system, do you save the species? Do the different species co-occur in the same locale? Do they require similar processes? Are they likely being affected by similar threats?

5. Common Issues & Recommendations Very large project area... or more than 8 targets –Try the large size and see if it works; if not... –Divide project into two or more CAPs, e.g., marine & terrestrial...OR –Develop a nested finer-scale CAP, e.g., rare species population Restoration targets (including if target is not there!) –Weigh cost/benefit to determine inclusion; delete target later if strategies are not feasible

6. “Matrix” occurrences or wide-ranging species –Select a portion of occurrence, e.g., strategically defined area like a watershed or road-less block, nesting beach, feeding grounds... OR –Develop regional conservation plan for just those targets, e.g., Michigan’s Upper Peninsula forests, Yellowstone’s grizzly bears Partners want to include groundwater, open space, rural lifestyle, etc. –Up to the team… but be clear on the plan’s purpose –CAP process works for any natural or cultural target Common Issues & Recommendations (Continued…..)

7. Helpful Hints... Consider doing target selection & viability as two steps, if time permits Map your target occurrences! Even a “cartoon” map adds value. Enter a target twice as two distinct occurrences if viability and threats are dramatically different –e.g. Longleaf pine (public lands) & Longleaf pine (private lands) Be wary of “Corridors” as targets -- corridor for what?

8. Helpful Hints...(continued) Mammal species with different habitat requirement and/or threats should not be “lumped” (e.g. grizzly & wolves) CAP process may work for socio-economic targets as well (e.g. “profitable family ranches”) -- but probably best done in a separate workbook, on a parallel track –Add a vision statement to help unify process –May need a final step to resolve conflicting strategies if these emerge