1. Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Action potentials

2. Neuron anatomy and signaling

3. Action potential Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization

4. Action potential Phases Resting membrane potential Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization

5. Nernst equation Measures equilibrium potential Depends on: absolute temperature valence ratio of concentration gradients

6. Nernst equation If [K]o = 0.01M and [K]I = 0.1M

7. Action potential Hodgkin and Huxley theory Resting membrane potential

8. Action potential Resting membrane potential

9. Action potential Hodgkin and Huxley theory Depolarization: rising phase Na + (5,000x)

10. Action potential Hodgkin and Huxley theory Repolarization : falling phase K + (10x)

11. Action potential Hodgkin and Huxley theory Hyperpolarization

12. Membrane permeability

13. Protein gates Types Chemical Occur between neurons Voltage Occur within neurons

14. Voltage gates

15. Refractory period Absolute Na + activation gate open Relative Na + activation gate closed

16. Channel toxins TTX (tetradotoxin) Japanese puffer fish decreases Na + conductance increases K + conductance

17. Channel toxins TEA (tetraethylammonium) Synthetic organic compound increases Na + conductance decreases K + conductance

18. Channel toxins

19. Threshold An all-or-none event

20. Threshold Factors effecting Magnitude Duration

21. Excitation curve

22. Impulse conduction

23. Schwann cell secrete myelin

24. Conduction velocity Mylenated: 15 - 40 msec -1 Unmylenated: 0.4 - 0.5 msec -1