1. 日本研究演習 ( 英語 ) Ａ Chris Burgess (1 号館 1308 研究室、内線 164) cburgess@tsuda.ac.jp / http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess

2. ラ・トマティーナは、スペインバレンシア州の街 、ブニョールで 8 月の最終水曜日に行われる収穫祭 。日本語では「トマト祭り」。 Reserved= 控えめ、慎ましい Solemn= 厳か

3. １． Warm-up: Brainstorming 日本また日本人という と。。。 (When you hear the word Japan or Japanese what comes to mind?)

4. Images of Japan Self-images Foreign-images Reinforce “Reality” of Japan

5. Images of Japan Self-images Foreign-images

6. Strong influence on how Japanese see themselves… Books, newspapers, internet Sold over 2.3 million copies in Japan!

7. Images of Japan Self-images Foreign-images Reinforce

8. Rio recognises Japanese Supporters who picked up Litter ( 日本サポーターマナーで「金」 ) In an exemplary display of proper education and awareness for the environment, Japanese fans were seen picking up garbage in their section after the final whistle. People from Japan are generally considered one of the most disciplined and honourable people in the world and that was on show in Brazil （ Sportskeeda ）

9. １） ２ ) ３） ４） ５） ６） ７） ８） ９） １０） Q.1 Japanese Words that Foreigners Know ( 外国人が知っている日本語 ) サヨナラ ありがとう すし こんにちは さけ かみかぜ ぶしどう さむらい はらきり げいしゃ 国立国語研究所などによる国際調査 1999 年 N.B. Does not include more recent words like tsunami, anime, manga, otaku, karaoke etc nor brand names (like Toyota) or place names (like Mount Fuji)

10. Q.2 外国人が知っている日本語 : Recent (post 1999) additions tsunami karaoke manga anime otaku karoshi hikkikomori gaman perseverance, stoicism, toughing it out

11. Japan, a unique survivor, needs to re-invent itself Everywhere one goes inside Japan, there are two words gaman and gambare which one often hears and reads. The combination of these two national characters defines Japan's uniqueness and the determination that has enabled it to cope with all diversities throughout history April, 2011

12. Sympathy for Japan and Admiration But the Japanese people themselves were truly noble in their perseverance and stoicism and orderliness. There’s a common Japanese word, gaman, that doesn’t really have an English equivalent, but is something like “toughing it out.” March 11, 2011

13. “I will continue to hold fast to the traditional Japanese spirit (tamashii). It encompasses Japanese perseverance, grace and other qualities.” 「日本人の我慢強さや潔（いさぎよ）さなど色々な 意味がこもっていると思って選んで。。。外国人力 士に対する思いではなく、自分自身に大和魂が必要 だと思った。」

14. Gaman: Unique to Japan? Keeping a lid on things: daily life in the Blitz; Stephen Fry in 'Jeeves and Wooster'; Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard in 'Brief Encounter' The British “stiff upper lip”

16. Q.3 Which Japanese word was used to capture the essence of Japanese national identity at the Olympic presentations? There's an art to receiving guests and it is often one of the first things travellers notice on arrival in Japan. Known as ?????? Japan's service and hospitality culture seeks to strike a balance between being attentive but not intrusive, while anticipating a guest's needs. ????? is part of the social fabric of Japan at all levels and price ranges - from luxury hotels to basic inns - yet such consistently high levels of xxxxxxxx often surprise, and delight, overseas visitors. Sept 7, 2013

17. Omotenashi ( おもてなし ） =hospitality Christel Takigawa

19. Images of Japan Self-images Foreign-images Reinforce

20. Creating 国民性 : The Role of Hollywood Movies こく みん せい Box office receipts for The Last Samurai were higher in Japan than the US…. Bombed in Japan, where the film (“Sayuri”) was beset by controversy…

21. Q.4 List some of the stereotypes… In the trailer, Japanese women are portrayed as….. servile (-), passive(-), demure(+), sexy (?), erotic (-), exotic (-), talented (+)

25. Is there a gender aspect to omotenashi? "Omotenashi" Japanese Hospitality Bra

26. To sum up: the Question is.. How well do images, such as in movies,… – capture the ‘essence’ of Japanese men/women or society/culture? –influence contemporary foreign stereotypes of the Japanese? –influence how the Japanese see themselves? –block a proper understanding of Japanese society? Does “national character” ( 国民 性 ) even exist?

27. COURSE OUTLINE

28. Powerpoints now available off-campus too at !

29. Hand in name slips before you go… …and don’t forget to pick up the reading! (Tests from last semester are available for pick-up from the box outside my office)

30. 日本研究演習 ( 英語 ) Ａ Chris Burgess (1 号館 1308 研究室、内線 164) cburgess@tsuda.ac.jp / http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess

31. Q.4 List some of the stereotypes… ロスト・イン・ト ランスレーション 監督 ソフィア・ コッポラ 公開 2003 年 9 月 12 日 ( 米） small (-), strange (-), bad English (-), crazy (-), excitable (-), futuristic (+), traditional (+?)

33. Totally lost in translation The anti-Japanese racism in Sofia Coppola‘s new film just isn’t funny “There is no scene where the Japanese are afforded a shred of dignity ( 威厳）. The viewer is sledgehammered into laughing at these small, yellow people and their funny ways, desperately aping the western lifestyle without knowledge of its real meaning.” January 24 2004

35. Review of Semester One Who are the Japanese? (10.05.06) Crisp ( 固定 ) categories –Clear-cut, black or white Fuzzy ( ぼやけた ) categories –Stereotypes, images

36. Review of Semester One Nihonjinron (10.05.13)

37. Review of Semester One Social Categories or Buzzwords (10.05.20)

38. Review of Semester One Indigenous Minorities (10.05.27)

39. Review of Semester One Oldcomers (10.06.03)

40. Review of Semester One Debate (10.06.10)

41. Review of Semester One Newcomers/ International Marriage (10.06.17)

42. Review of Semester One Kikokuseito and ‘International’ Kids (10.06.24)

43. Gender, sex, and sexuality (10.07.01) Review of Semester One

44. 清水寺歌舞伎わびさ び 美意識

45. Gaman: Unique to Japan? Keeping a lid on things: daily life in the Blitz; Stephen Fry in 'Jeeves and Wooster'; Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard in 'Brief Encounter' The British “stiff upper lip”

46. “the idea of a Japanese spirit originally came from bushido…[it] has been put forward as an ideology of behaviour for the nation as a whole…but the Japanese do not seem particularly persevering…the English, on the other hand, are an extremely tenacious people…forming an orderly queue at a bus stop, for example, waiting as long as half an hour or more for a bus that never comes.” Prof. Brian Moeran, British Images of War (1990: 34/35)