1. Canada’s Physical Geography

2. How old is the Earth? ► 4.5 Billion years old ► Canada completely covered in ice 18,000 years ago

3. What is Geography ? ► the physical characteristics of an area

4. EVERYONE FREEZE!!

5. Continental Drift ► Movement of the continents on the Earth’s plates ► Alfred Wegener – German Scientist

6. Plate Tectonics ► Plate movement by convection currents

7. Pangea

8. Let’s see how it all works... ► http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/understand ing-volcanoes-plate-tectonics.html http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/understand ing-volcanoes-plate-tectonics.html http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/understand ing-volcanoes-plate-tectonics.html

9. Review of Earth’s crust movement

10. Layers of the Earth

11. ► Inner Core - solid and very hot, great pressure ► Outer Core – liquid and hot ► Mantle – melted rock called magma – hot, dense, slow moving ► Crust – solid rock of the surface

12. Plates of the World

13. Subduction Zone

14. Landforms ► Natural features of the lands surface ► Built from:  material from beneath Earth’s crust  movement of the Earth’s crust

15. Building Landforms ► Examples, text page 24

16. Landforms shaped by four forces ► Mountain building ► Weathering ► Erosion ► Deposition

17. Fjord ► Narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes. Sognefjord in Norway

18. Horn ► Mountaintop that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost weathering The Matterhorn in the European Alps

19. Talus ► Broken rock that appears at the bottom of mountain cliffs or valley shoulders Talus Slope, Colorado, USA.

20. Oxbow Lake ► Formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake ► Have distinctive curved shape ► Oxbow Lake in Montana

21. Hoodoo ► Tall thin spires of rock that protrude from the bottom of arid basins and badlands ► Composed of soft sedimentary rock, topped by a piece of harder rock Drumheller, Alberta

22. Slope ► Forms created or modified on a slope where there is considerable relief Rattlesnake Point in Milton, Ontario

23. Pingo ► Mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica Alaska/Yukon border

24. Drumlin ► (Irish droimnín, a little hill ridge) - an elongated whale- shaped hill formed by glacial action Georges Island Halifax, NS

25. Stack ► A steep, vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast Flowerpot Island Lake Huron

26. Waterfall ► Results from water flowing over an erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a sudden break in elevation American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls, Niagara Falls, USA

27. Sand Spit ► A deposition landform found off coasts ► A type of bar or beach at a cove, bay, or river mouth ► Formed by the movement of sediment Southport Spit, Australia

28. Erratic ► A boulder that has been transported some distance from its source by a glacier Point Lake, NWT