1. Sharks in the North Pacific: Salmon Shark By Liam Antrim Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary

2. Classification and Mnemonics KingdomKing KingdomKing PhylumPhillip PhylumPhillip Class Came Class Came OrderOver OrderOver FamilyFor FamilyFor Genus Good Genus Good SpeciesSoup SpeciesSoup Animalia Chordata Chondrichthyes

3. Common Characteristics of Sharks No air bladder No air bladder Body plans Body plans Sagittiform Sagittiform Fusiform Fusiform Anguilliform Anguilliform Cartilaginous Cartilaginous Tough Skin Tough Skin

5. Common Characteristics of Sharks Highly developed sense of smell: Some sharks can detect substances with a concentration of 1 part per million in water (very low concentration) Highly developed sense of smell: Some sharks can detect substances with a concentration of 1 part per million in water (very low concentration) Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- helps detect bioelectric pulses of some animals. Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- helps detect bioelectric pulses of some animals. Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph and bursts at 60mph Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph and bursts at 60mph Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. humans- 150lbs per sq. in Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. humans- 150lbs per sq. in

6. Common Life Histories of East Pacific Sharks High in food chain- Apex Fish Predator High in food chain- Apex Fish Predator Long lived and lower abundance Long lived and lower abundance Delayed first reproduction Delayed first reproduction Live births and small litters Live births and small litters Born predators Born predators Like marine mammals- harder to study Like marine mammals- harder to study

7. Salmon Shark http://seagrant.uaf.edu/nosb/papers/2006/soldotna-shark.html

8. Classification: Salmon Shark KingdomKing KingdomKing PhylumPhillip PhylumPhillip Class Came Class Came OrderOver OrderOver FamilyFor FamilyFor Genus Good Genus Good SpeciesSoup SpeciesSoup Animalia Chordata Chondrichthyes Lamniformes Lamnidae Lamna L. ditropis

9. Salmon Shark: Global Distribution http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/region2/groundfish/html/GFsharks.stm

10. Salmon Sharks Size: 2.7m Size: 2.7m Weight: 220 Kg Weight: 220 Kg Solitary Solitary Break water like a whale Break water like a whale Flexible Flexible Migrate seasonally Migrate seasonally

11. Salmon Shark Feeding Pelagic Pelagic Primarily piscivorous Primarily piscivorous Opportunistic Opportunistic Groups when feeding Groups when feeding Prince William Sound Prince William Sound Other Bays Other Bays http://www.washington.edu/newsroom/news/images/shark-mouth.jpg

12. Salmon Shark: retia mirabilia Network of veins and arteries Network of veins and arteries Countercurrent heat exchange Countercurrent heat exchange Reduces heat loss Reduces heat loss In 3 major body areas: In 3 major body areas: Brain Brain Kidneys Kidneys Muscles Muscles

13. Salmon Sharks: Reproduction Maturity: Females 8-10yrs Maturity: Females 8-10yrs Gestation: 9 months Gestation: 9 months 4 embryos 4 embryos Oophagus (For an explanation, see 2/3 of the way dwon: http://www.rodnreel.com/articles/PrintArticle.asp?StoryID=658) Oophagus (For an explanation, see 2/3 of the way dwon: http://www.rodnreel.com/articles/PrintArticle.asp?StoryID=658)http://www.rodnreel.com/articles/PrintArticle.asp?StoryID=658 Teeth Teeth http://homepage.mac.com/mollet/Ld/Ld_images/salmon.jpg

14. Work Cited Anderson, S. A. and K. J. Goldman. 2001. Temperature Measurements of Salmon Sharks, Lamna ditorpis, in Alaskan Waters. Copeia 3:794-796 Anderson, S. A. and K. J. Goldman. 2001. Temperature Measurements of Salmon Sharks, Lamna ditorpis, in Alaskan Waters. Copeia 3:794-796 Bernal, D., J Donley, R. E. Shadwick, and D. A. Syme. 2005. Mammal-like muscles power swimming in a cold-water shark. Nature 437:1349-1352 Bernal, D., J Donley, R. E. Shadwick, and D. A. Syme. 2005. Mammal-like muscles power swimming in a cold-water shark. Nature 437:1349-1352 Block, B. A. and F. G. Carey. 1985. Warm brain and eye temperatures in sharks. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 156:229-236 Block, B. A. and F. G. Carey. 1985. Warm brain and eye temperatures in sharks. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 156:229-236 Christiansen J., J. Hollander and S. Larson. 2005 Sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus) conservation ecology project update;. Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. Christiansen J., J. Hollander and S. Larson. 2005 Sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus) conservation ecology project update;. Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. Fudge, D. S. and E. D. Stevens. 1996. The visceral retia mirabilia of tuna and sharks: an annotated translation and discussion of the Eschricht and Muller 1835 paper and related papers. Guelph Ichthyology Reviews 4:1-92 Fudge, D. S. and E. D. Stevens. 1996. The visceral retia mirabilia of tuna and sharks: an annotated translation and discussion of the Eschricht and Muller 1835 paper and related papers. Guelph Ichthyology Reviews 4:1-92 Gallucci V., G. Kruse, J. Rice, and C. Tribuzio. 2005. Semmi Annual Progress Report July. Gallucci V., G. Kruse, J. Rice, and C. Tribuzio. 2005. Semmi Annual Progress Report July. Jones T. S. and K. I. Ugland. 201. Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, in the Oslofjord. Fisheries Bulletin 99:685-690 Jones T. S. and K. I. Ugland. 201. Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, in the Oslofjord. Fisheries Bulletin 99:685-690 King J. R., G. A. McFarlane, and M. W. Sanders. 2002. Preliminary study on the use of neural arches in the age determination of bluntnose sixgill sharks (Hexanchus griseus). Fisheries Bulletin 100:4. 861-864 King J. R., G. A. McFarlane, and M. W. Sanders. 2002. Preliminary study on the use of neural arches in the age determination of bluntnose sixgill sharks (Hexanchus griseus). Fisheries Bulletin 100:4. 861-864 Motta, P. and C. Wilga. 1998 Conservation and variation in the feeding mechanism of the Spiny Dogfish Squalus Acanthias. The Journal of Experimental Biology 201:1345-1358 Motta, P. and C. Wilga. 1998 Conservation and variation in the feeding mechanism of the Spiny Dogfish Squalus Acanthias. The Journal of Experimental Biology 201:1345-1358 Nagasawa, K. 1998. Predation by Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis) on Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus ssp.) in the North Pacific Ocean. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Bulletin 1:419-433 Nagasawa, K. 1998. Predation by Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis) on Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus ssp.) in the North Pacific Ocean. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Bulletin 1:419-433 Sharks; Hexanchidae: p374 Sharks; Hexanchidae: p374

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