1. Extending the Lifetime of NAND Flash Memory by Salvaging Bad Blocks Chundong Wang and Weng-Fai Wong DATE’12

2. Outline Introduction Wear Leveling Bad blocks Salvaging Experiments results Conclusions

3. Introduction Flash memory is widely utilized for secondary storage today.(ex. embedded devices,SSD…) However, its further use is hindered by the lifetime issue.

4. Introduction

5. Wear Leveling Hot date -> young blocks Cold data -> old blocks Ex. Lazy wear leveling[3]

6. Bad blocks Salvaging The unit of write (a page) is different from that of erasure (a block). It is very likely that some pages may be reprogrammed much more than others in a block. Moreover, the failure of a page does not affect data in other pages in the same block

7. Bad blocks Salvaging bad blocks can be classified into three categories : backing blocks discarded blocks salvaged blocks

8. Bad blocks Salvaging

9. Wear leveling Procedure with BBS

10. Experiments results We implemented the BBS-based FTL in FlashSim simulator [6] for SLC NAND flash. We have used three families of disk traces from [13], [14] and [11].

11. Experiments results

15. Conclusions This paper proposed a design that reuses worn-out blocks to prolong the lifespan of flash chips. Our design can reduce the number of worn- out blocks by 46.5% on average with 1.2% performance penalties at most.