1. THE ROARING TWENTIES, HARLEM RENAISSANCE, AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION

2. ECONOMIC BOOM OF THE 20s
Roaring Twenties = spending increased which led to a consumer economy
New products became available
Widespread availability of credit
Installment plan = buy now, pay later (credit)
Number of millionaires increased
Advertising and chain stores increased

3. WOMEN’S ROLES CHANGE Women’s fashion became more stylish (Flappers)
Skirts and haircuts got shorter
Women drank and smoked in public
More women in the workplace
19th Amendment was passed in 1920 which granted women suffrage (the right to vote)

4. PROBLEMS FOR WOMEN IN THE 1920s
Businesses still discriminated against hiring women
Not many women doctors or lawyers
Women’s wages were still low
Politicians worried that women would form too many special interest groups

5. HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Harlem, NY = cultural center for African-Americans during the 1920s
Home of the black literary awakening
Home of the black musical and artistic movement
Langston Hughes = wrote poems and stories about the difficulties and joys blacks experienced in American society
Duke Ellington = famous jazz piano player and musical composer

6. HARLEM RENAISSANCE PAINTING

7. HARLEM RENAISSANCE

8. CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
High tariffs
War debt
Overproduction in industry and agriculture
Too much buying on credit
Stock market crash of October 29, 1929

9. THE STOCK MARKET CRASHES
Dow Jones (average of stock prices) reaches an all-time high in 1929
Dow Jones dropped in October 1929 because stock prices soared above their real value
Scared investors sold stocks and prices fell
Investors raced to get money out of the market
Black Tuesday – October 29, 1929 – 16.4 million stocks were sold and the market crashed
Great Crash led to the Great Depression
Losses totaled $30 billion

10. BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE STOCK MARKET CRASH (FRONT PAGE)

11. GREAT DEPRESSION (1920s and 1930s)
Widespread unemployment
People could not afford to buy consumer items
Businesses were unable to pay back bank loans
Banks failed
People’s savings were wiped out
Poverty and homelessness spread
People lived in “Hoovervilles” – shantytowns named after President Hoover

12. HOOVERVILLE

13. DUST BOWL Dust storms on the Great Plains Led to severe drought
Result = poor soil
Farmers lost businesses and farms and could not grow crops

14. PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER
Hoover wanted businesses to remain confident, but he did not believe the federal government should give direct relief
Passed Agricultural Marketing Act to stabilize farm prices -> it failed
Government spent money on building roads, parks, and dams (Hoover Dam)
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) – highest import tax in history – it backfired because Europeans raised their own tariffs

15. FDR
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt – elected in 1932 and served until 1945
“The only thing we need to fear, is fear itself.” – his famous quote regarding the Great Depression
Held “fireside chats” on the radio to boost American morale and confidence
His administration created the New Deal
New Deal = program that provided relief and recovery for the Great Depression

16. NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
Emergency Banking Act (1933) = inspectors determined if banks were financially healthy; 2/3 were; confidence in banks restored
Civil Works Administration (CWA) = federal government gave the unemployed jobs building roads, bridges, parks, airports (4 million employed)
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) = 2.5 unmarried men maintained parks, forests, and beaches

17. NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) = hired people to build dams that provided electricity to poor communities
Works Progress Administration (WPA) = created jobs in construction, research, and the arts; employed more than 8.5 people
Social Security Act = federal program that ensured the economic well-being of children, elderly, disabled, and poor
FDR tried to add more justices who supported the New Deal to the Supreme Court but the plan failed; Congress did not approve