1. The New Deal

2.  New Deal = Relief, Recovery, and Reform programs  1 st Hundred Days – FDR pushed programs through to provide relief, create jobs, & stimulate the economy Restoring Hope in the First Hundred Days

3. 1. Stabilize banking  Emergency Banking Act  Glass-Steagall Banking Act (FDIC) Goals of New Deal Legislation

4. 2. Provide relief & create jobs  Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)  Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Goals of New Deal Legislation

5. 3. Regulate the economy  National Industrial Recovery Act, which established:  Public Works Administration (PWA)  National Recovery Administration(NRA) Goals of New Deal Legislation

6. 4. Assist homeowners & farmers  Federal Housing Administration (FHA)  Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)  Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Goals of New Deal Legislation

7. Continuing Hardships  The New Deal eased suffering, but didn’t end it  Desperate people went to desperate measures  The Depression took its toll on families

8. Minorities and the New Deal  The New Deal didn’t address racism, and many programs were biased against blacks and Mexican Americans  Indian Reorganization Act (“Indian New Deal”) had little impact  Scottsboro case (1931) set important precedents

9. Culture in the 1930s  Important literary achievements included The Grapes of Wrath and Native Son.  Radio and movies provided a needed escape from hard times.  FDR’s “Fireside Chats” reassured Americans.

10. Contributions of Women  Frances Perkins – 1 st female Secretary of Labor  Eleanor Roosevelt was FDR’s “eyes & ears”  Photographer Dorothea Lange inspired programs for farm workers

11.  Liberals felt the New Deal didn’t go far enough to reform the system.  Conservatives said it gave the government too much control of the economy.  Huey Long’s Share-Our-Wealth program sought to limit individual personal wealth & increase the minimal income for all.  Other critics were demagogues, like Father Charles E. Coughlin. Critics of the New Deal

12. The Second New Deal Continued First New Deal in: Providing jobs  Works Progress Administration (WPA) Regulating the economy  Wagner Act  Social Security Administration (SSA) As well as programs to benefit farmers

13. The 1936 Election  FDR’s landslide victory showed that most Americans supported the New Deal  Forged a new coalition for the Democrats

14.  Schecter v. U.S. decision struck down NIRA  Roosevelt proposed to add 6 additional Supreme Court justices supportive of the New Deal  Critics warned that FDR was trying to undermine the constitutional separation of powers The Court Packing Fiasco

15.  In August 1937, industrial production & employment levels fell.  The new Social Security tax was partly to blame, as were cuts in federal work programs.  FDR concerned about deficit spending. The Recession of 1937

16.  People accepted & expected government intervention to improve their lives. Legacy of the New Deal