1. Bell-ringer: Where on Earth do you find Carbon atoms?
Where do you find Nitrogen atoms?

2. 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35
Today’s Objective:
Be able to describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
2.1 Section Objectives – page 35

3. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57
CYCLES IN NATURE
With chains, webs, and pyramids, it shows how energy moves through an ecosystem.
Energy is always being replenished by the sun.
But MATTER (anything that has mass and occupies space) is cycled and is not replenished like the energy from sunlight.
There is a finite (or measurable) amount of matter on Earth.
Section 2.2 Summary – pages

4. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57
The atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements that make up the bodies of organisms alive today are the same atoms that have been on Earth since life began.
Matter is constantly recycled. It is never lost.
Section 2.2 Summary – pages

5. Carbon is a piece of matter that cycles through our environment.
It is never lost or gained…..it just cycles through over and over.
Where is Carbon found?
METHANE
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBON DIOXIDE

6. Volcanoes release carbon into the air
Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
Volcanoes release carbon into the air
Wood and fossil fuels burn and put Carbon into the air.
Cellular Respiration: When organisms breathe out, carbon is released into the atmosphere.
As decomposers break down dead plant and animal material, some carbon is released into the air.

7. Photosynthesis: Carbon from the air enters autotrophs.
Carbon Entering Biotic Factors
Photosynthesis: Carbon from the air enters autotrophs.
Primary consumers ingest carbon when they feed on autotrophs.
Higher-level consumers ingest carbon when they feed on other heterotrophs

8. Carbon Entering Biotic Factors
When plants and animals die, decomposers break them down and put some of the carbon into the soil.

9. Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere

10. Ways that Carbon enters the atmosphere….
FROM ABIOTIC FACTORS
FROM BIOTIC FACTORS
1. Combustion/Burning of Fossil Fuels
1. Respiration / Breathing Out
2. Open Burning

11. Ways that Carbon enters BIOTIC FACTORS….
1. Photosynthesis
2. Consumption

12. 1. Death and Decomposition
How Carbon enters SOIL
1. Death and Decomposition

13. It is never lost or gained…..it just cycles through over and over.
Nitrogen is another piece of matter that cycles through our environment.
It is never lost or gained…..it just cycles through over and over.
Where is Nitrogen found?
Proteins
78% of the air on Earth

14. Primary consumers ingest nitrogen when they eat from autotrophs
Nitrogen in Air
Higher-level consumers ingest nitrogen when they eat other heterotrophs.
Primary consumers ingest nitrogen when they eat from autotrophs
Nitrogen Fixation:
Nitrogen cannot be directly absorbed into plants, but plants NEED nitrogen. Nitrogen from the atmosphere is absorbed into bacteria in the soil, there they are CONVERTED (or FIXED) into a form that plant roots can absorb.
Nitrogen found in ammonia is absorbed into the soil during urination.

15. Combustion/Burning of fossil fuels puts Nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Nitrogen in Air
Bacteria that decompose also release some nitrogen back into the atmosphere.
Combustion/Burning of fossil fuels puts Nitrogen in the atmosphere.
As decomposers break down plants and animals, nitrogen is recycled into the soil.

16. Ways that Nitrogen enters the atmosphere….
FROM ABIOTIC FACTORS
FROM BIOTIC FACTORS
1. Combustion/Burning of Fossil Fuels
From Bacteria in the Soil (Denitrification)
This occurs when bacteria living in the soil aren’t getting enough oxygen, so they break down compounds in the soil- use up the oxygen, and disperse any Nitrogen from the compound into the atmosphere as a waste product.

17. Ways that Nitrogen enters BIOTIC FACTORS….
1. Nitrogen Fixation
2. Consumption
Plants cannot use the nitrogen in the air, so bacteria in the soil have to absorb it and then CONVERT it to ammonia and nitrates so plants can use it.
Lightening striking the ground also does this for plants.

18. How Nitrogen enters SOIL
1. Death and Decomposition
2. Urine
3. Absorption
4. Acid Rain