1. Mineral Nutrition Studied by soil-free culture in nutrient solutions:

2. Mineral Nutrition Soil-free culture Sand culture Hydroponics: immerse roots in nutrient solution Slanted film maintains [nutrients] & O 2 Aeroponics sprays nutrient solution on roots

3. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS

4. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS CHOPNS make biopolymers

5. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers N deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

6. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers P deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

7. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPNS make biopolymers S deficiency mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

8. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS CHOPNS make biopolymers K makes turgor, enzyme cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

9. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients CHOPKNS Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

10. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

11. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

12. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMg Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

13. Mineral Nutrition Macronutrients: CHOPKNSCaFeMgBNaCl Ca: signaling, middle lamella, cofactor Fe: cofactor Mg: cofactor mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

14. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

15. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regeneration in C4, K substitute mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

16. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regenerationin C4, K substitute Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance mobile in plant, so shows first in old leaves

17. Mineral Nutrition Micronutrients: BNaCl others include Cu, Zn, Mn B: cell elongation. NA metabolism Na: PEP regeneration, K substitute Cl: water-splitting, osmotic balance Cu: cofactor immobile in plant, so shows first in young leaves

18. Mineral Nutrition Commercial fertilizers mainly supply NPK

19. Plant food 2.6% ammoniacal nitrogen 4.4% nitrate nitrogen 9% phosphorus 5% potassium calcium (2%) magnesium (0.5%) sulfur (0.05%) boron (0.02%) chlorine (0.1%) cobalt (0.0015%) copper (0.05%) iron (0.1%) manganese (0.05%) molybdenum (0.0009%) nickel (0.0001%) sodium (0.10%) zinc (0.05%)

20. Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary PSU extension Text

21. Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary Many are immobile, eg P, Fe

22. Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary Many are immobile, eg P, Fe Mobile nutrients come with soil H 2 O

23. Mineral Nutrition Soil nutrients Amounts & availability vary Many are immobile, eg P, Fe Mobile nutrients come with soil H 2 O Immobiles must be “mined” Root hairs get close

24. Mineral Nutrition Immobile nutrients must be “mined” Root hairs get close Mycorrhizae get closer

25. Mineral Nutrition Immobile nutrients must be mined Root hairs get close Mycorrhizae get closer Solubility varies w pH

26. Mineral Nutrition Solubility varies w pH 5.5 is best compromise

27. Mineral Nutrition Solubility varies w pH 5.5 is best compromise Plants alter pH @ roots to aid uptake

28. Mineral Nutrition Nutrients in soil Plants alter pH @ roots to aid uptake Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P

29. Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner

30. Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner Fungi give plants nutrients

31. Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner Fungi give plants nutrients Plants feed them sugar

32. Mineral Nutrition Also use symbionts Mycorrhizal fungi help: especially with P P travels poorly: fungal hyphae are longer & thinner Fungi give plants nutrients Plants feed them sugar Ectomycorrhizae surround root: only trees, esp. conifers

33. Mineral Nutrition Ectomycorrhizae surround root: only trees, esp. conifers release nutrients into apoplast to be taken up by roots

34. Mineral Nutrition Ectomycorrhizae surround root: trees release nutrients into apoplast to be taken up by roots Endomycorrhizae invade root cells: Vesicular/Arbuscular Most angiosperms, especially in nutrient-poor soils