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Religion Sparks Reform
Section 8*1 pp
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Preview Questions What was the Second Great Awakening?
What was transcendentalism? What did Americans attempt to reform?
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I. The Second Great Awakening
Evangelical movement Dramatic religious conversions Focus on individual salvation and social reform Dramatic Religious
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I. The Second Great Awakening
Revivalism Roving preachers set up revival camps Charles Finney: “Father of modern revivalism” Increase in church membership
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I. The Second Great Awakening
The Burned-Over-District Epicenter of revivalism: Western New York Many new denominations Communal societies Reforms like abolitionism and temperance
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I. The Second Great Awakening
The African American Church “Democratic Churches” expand religion Social, political, cultural centers
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II. Transcendentalism Transcendentalism Unitarianism
Led by Emerson and Thoreau Truth found in nature, emotion, and imagination Dignity of the individual Promoted self-reliance, optimism, freedom Civil Disobedience Unitarianism Faith in the individual Reason and conscience as path to perfection
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III. Ideal Communities Utopian Communities
Goal: create a perfect place Inspired by idealism to improve mankind Not long-lasting
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III. Ideal Communities Shaker Communities
Value sharing, gender equality, peace No marriage or children
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IV. School & Prison Reform
Asylums and Prisons Dorothea Dix Reformers emphasize rehabilitation and hope Education Set up publicly supported schools Education is essential to democracy
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