1. Air Pollution Chapter 18 Ahrens Monday, 23 November 1Monday, November 23

2. Air pollution definition Air pollutants are airborne substances (either solids, liquids, or gases) that occur in concentrations high enough to threaten the health of people and animals, to harm vegetation and structures, or to toxify a given environment Monday, November 232

3. Ways to categorize air pollutants There is human-induced air pollution and natural sources of air pollution There are fixed sources of air pollution and moving sources of air pollution (mobile sources) There are point sources of air pollution and area sources of air pollution There are primary and secondary pollutants Monday, November 233

4. Primary and secondary pollutants Primary air pollutants enter the atmosphere directly from their sources – Examples are carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide Secondary air pollutants form only when a chemical reaction occurs with primary air pollutants – Examples are photochemical oxidants and acid deposition – Secondary air pollutants are more difficult to control Monday, November 234

5. Santiago, Chile Monday, November 235 Fig. 18-CO, p. 500

6. October 23, 2003 wild fires Monday, November 236 Fig. 18-1, p. 503

7. Table 18-1, p. 503 7Monday, November 23

8. Fig. 18-2, p. 504 8Monday, November 23

9. Fig. 18-2, p. 504 9Monday, November 23

10. Fig. 18-2, p. 504 10Monday, November 23

11. Fig. 18-3a, p. 504 11Monday, November 23

12. Fig. 18-3b, p. 504 12Monday, November 23

13. East China Sea: pollution, smoke, and dust Monday, November 2313 Fig. 18-4, p. 505

14. Thunderstorm and cumulus clouds above a layer of haze Monday, November 2314 Fig. 18-5, p. 506

15. Table 18-2, p. 513 15Monday, November 23

16. Fig. 3, p. 516 16Monday, November 23

17. Fig. 18-10, p. 512 17Monday, November 23

18. Stepped Art Fig. 18-10, p. 512 18Monday, November 23

19. Table 18-3, p. 513 19Monday, November 23

20. Fig. 18-11, p. 514 20Monday, November 23

21. Fig. 18-12, p. 514 21Monday, November 23

22. A secondary pollutant: smog/photochemical oxidants/ozone Smog originally meant smoke and fog Now smog refers to the chemical soup created by sunlight acting on hydrocarbons (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen in the presence of oxygen and sunlight Ozone is the main constituent of smog, but there are many others, including PAN Smog attacks the respiratory system Monday, November 2322

23. Fig. 18-6, p. 507 23Monday, November 23

24. Secondary air pollutant: acid deposition Acid deposition: can be dry or acid rain, snow, fog, dew – Oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen combine with water vapor or liquid water drops in the air – Sulfuric acid, nitric acid form – Acid attacks structures and plants – In bodies of water, acid allows heavy metals to leach out and contaminate water supplies, toxify water for fish and other living things Monday, November 2324

25. Fig. 18-21, p. 524 25Monday, November 23

26. Fig. 18-22, p. 524 26Monday, November 23

27. Fig. 18-23, p. 525 27Monday, November 23

28. Fig. 18-13, p. 515 28Monday, November 23

29. Fig. 18-14, p. 517 29Monday, November 23

30. Fig. 18-14a, p. 517 30Monday, November 23

31. Fig. 18-14b, p. 517 31Monday, November 23

32. Fig. 18-15, p. 517 32Monday, November 23

33. Fig. 4, p. 518 33Monday, November 23

34. Fig. 4a, p. 518 34Monday, November 23

35. Fig. 4b, p. 518 35Monday, November 23

36. Fig. 4c, p. 518 36Monday, November 23

37. Fig. 4d, p. 518 37Monday, November 23

38. Fig. 4e, p. 518 38Monday, November 23

39. Fig. 18-16, p. 519 39Monday, November 23

40. Fig. 18-17, p. 519 40Monday, November 23

41. Fig. 18-18, p. 520 41Monday, November 23

42. Stepped Art Fig. 18-18, p. 520 42Monday, November 23

43. Fig. 18-19, p. 520 43Monday, November 23

44. Fig. 5, p. 521 44Monday, November 23

45. Table 18-4, p. 522 45Monday, November 23

46. Fig. 18-20, p. 523 46Monday, November 23