1. The Message
Chapter 5

2. Semiotic Tradition Modern founder of structure linguistics
Semiotics of language
Ferdinand de Saussure
Modern founder of structure linguistics
Language is arbitrary
Structure approach of Language Forms
Consist of speech, sounds, words, and grammar
Language use is NOT arbitrary
Language needs meaning to represent something

3. Understanding the Structure
Saussure
Key is difference in three areas
Sound
Letters sound different: p versus b
Word form differs
Pat versus Bat
Grammatical forms
Verb tenses change meaning
“has run” versus “will run”

4. Language vs. Speech Formal system of language used in communication
Language (langue)
Formal system of language used in communication
Can be analyzed apart from its use (grammatical etc)
Constant
Speech (parole)
The use of language to deliver a thought or accomplish a purpose
Flexible and changing
Linquistics = study of Language not speech

5. Beyond Semiotics Generative grammar
Linguistics not enough to understand human use of language
Two primary focus:
Generative grammar
Cognitive study of how rules impact spoken language
Chomsky
Discourse
Use of language in communication
Evaluates conversations, media productions, and speeches

6. Nonverbal Communication
Watch video and describe emotions in each scene

7. Theories of Nonverbal Coding
Includes three dimensions:
Semantic
Meaning of signs
Syntactic
How signs are organized into system with other sign
Pragmatic
Effects or behavior created by signs

8. Eight aspects of Nonverbal Communication
Kinesics
Clothing and artifacts
Voice: Paralanguage
Pitch, volume, rate, nonfluencies, silence
Proxemics

9. Eight Aspects of Nonverbal Communication
Colors
Chronemics
Touch: Haptics
Olfactics: Smell

10. Tell me her story

11. Kinesics Seven assumptions used for his theory of body language
Ray Birdwhistell, Kinesics and Context, page 127
Seven assumptions used for his theory of body language
Cultural Gaffes

12. Proxemics Fixed-featured space Unmovable things Semi-fixed feature
Edward Hall
Three types of space
Fixed-featured space
Unmovable things
Semi-fixed feature
Movable objects
Informal Space
Personal territory between people
Intimate, Personal, Social & public

13. Proxemics and Culture

14. Theoretical Approaches to Understanding the Message
Speech Act Theory
Action Assembly Theory
Message Design Models

15. Speech Act Theory “ I will pay you back” Accomplishes the following:
Utterance Act
Propositional Act
Illocutionary Act
Perlocutionary Act

16. Two types of rules with Illocution force
Constitutive rules
Used to tell how to interpret statement
Creates framework for understanding
Regulatory Rules
Tell how to use speech to accomplish a goal

17. Action-Assembly Theory
John Greene
Evaluates how we organize knowledge to form messages
Uses two types of knowledge
Content Knowledge
Knowledge about things, or events in speech
Procedural Knowledge
Knowledge about how to do things
Takes center stage in theory
Process of associating common actions becomes procedural record

18. John, How are you?
Fine, Mary, how are you?

19. Message Design Models Charles Berger
Planning Theory
Charles Berger
Explain the processes people use to plan communication behavior
Communication Plans
Mental images of steps used to accomplish a goal