1. The Urinary System

2. OVERVIEW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd1 wrTgE&list=PLR6x- Lyq3PY7GVj1h5mFQ9Y9mMj_jnmWQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd1 wrTgE&list=PLR6x- Lyq3PY7GVj1h5mFQ9Y9mMj_jnmWQ Bozeman https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfWx8 msgHqM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfWx8 msgHqM

3. Function 1.Remove nitrogenous wastes 2.Maintain electrolyte(ions), pH (acid-base), and fluid balance of blood 3.Homeostatic organ 4.Acts as blood filter 5.Release hormones What does this mean? It regulates the water and salt in the body. So… whatever excess we have, it helps us get rid of it.

4. Kidneys as Filters Average kidney filtration rate = 180 liters (50 gal) of blood/day 178-179 liters are reabsorbed back into blood

6. Nitrogenous Wastes ammonia urea uric acid

7. Organs of the Urinary System kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra

8. Check your kidney diagram Calyx Renal column Medullary pyramid Pelvis Fibrous capsule Renal cortex

9. renal capsule renal cortex renal medulla renal pelvis renal pyramids ureter Kidney Anatomy

10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cc8sUv 2SuaY&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cc8sUv 2SuaY&feature=related

11. Kidney Anatomy renal artery renal vein nephron Nephron = functional unit of kidney Each kidney contains > 1,000,000 nephrons.

12. urine blood filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion Nephron Functioning “refreshed” blood

13. vein artery afferent arteriole efferent arteriole glomerulus peritubular capillaries Bowman’s capsule proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule loop of Henle collecting duct

14. renal cortex renal medulla Collecting duct Loop of Henle PCT DCT Glomerulus Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons and thousands of collecting ducts

15. Glomerular Filtration afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule Filters blood; proteins can’t pass through

16. Add ARROWS TO Figure 15-3: Diagram of a NEPHRON.

17. Label NEPHRON diagram 1. Glomerular capsule 2. Afferent arteriole 3. Efferent arteriole 4. Cortical radiate artery 5. Cortical radiate vein 6. Arucate artery 7. Arcuate vein 8. Interlobar artery 9. Interlobar vein 10. Loop of Henle (nephron loop) 11. Collecting duct 12. Distal convoluted tubule 13. Proximal convoluted tubule 14. Peritubular capillaries 15. glomerulus

18. Composition of Glomerular Filtrate (1,15) Water Small Soluble Organic Molecules (i.e. amino acids, glucose) Mineral Ions

19. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (13) Reabsorbs: water, glucose, amino acids, and sodium.

20. Loop of Henle (10) Descending – reabsorbs H2O Ascending – reabsorbs Na+ and Cl-

21. Distal Convoluted Tubule (12) ABSORBS - H 2 0 Ca++ PO 4 (phosphates) Na+ SECRETES - H+ K+

22. Collecting Duct (11) Allows for the osmotic reabsorption of water.

23. Urine Water- 95% Nitrogenous waste: urea uric acid Creatinine (waste product of muscle cell metabolism) Ions: sodium potassium sulfate phosphate

24. Urinary Bladder ureters internal sphincters external sphincters urethra Draw & label

25. Internal urethral sphincter: Smooth muscle Involuntary control External Urethral sphincter: Skeletal muscle Voluntary control Sphincter Muscles on Bladder

26. When bladder fills with 200 ml of urine, stretch receptors transmit impulses to the CNS and produce a reflex contraction of the bladder (PNS) Diuresis

27. Distension of the Urinary Bladder Micturition – voiding; eliminating urine

28. Why do doctors ask for a urine sample? Urinalysis characteristics: smell- ammonia-like pH- 4.5-8, ave 6.0 specific gravity– more than 1.0; ~1.001- 1.003 color- affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins

29. odor- normal is ammonia-like diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels diabetes insupidus- yucky asparagus--- Odor

30. pH- range 4.5-8 ave 6.0 vegetarian diet- urine is alkaline protein rich and wheat diet - urine is acidic

31. Color- pigment is urochrome Yellow color due to metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments) Beets or rhubarb- might give urine a pink or smoky color Vitamins- vitamin C- bright yellow Infection- cloudy Color

32. Glucose- when present in urine condition called glycosuria (nonpathological) [glucose not normally found in urine] Indicative of: Excessive carbohydrate intake Stress Diabetes mellitus Abnormal Contents of Urine